Detection and Characterization of Paraproteinemia in Canine Chronic B-cell Lymphocytic Leukemia Using Routine and Free Light Chain Immunofixation
© 2022 The Authors. Veterinary Clinical Pathology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.
| Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary clinical pathology. - 1975. - 51(2022), 4 vom: 06. Dez., Seite 551-559 |
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| 1. Verfasser: | |
| Weitere Verfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Online-Aufsatz |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2022
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| Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk: | Veterinary clinical pathology |
| Schlagworte: | Journal Article dog electrophoresis gammopathy hyperglobulinemia hyperproteinemia monoclonal Immunoglobulin Light Chains Immunoglobulin M |
| Zusammenfassung: | © 2022 The Authors. Veterinary Clinical Pathology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology. BACKGROUND: Hyperglobulinemia is reported in 26% of canine chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cases. However, few cases have been characterized by protein electrophoresis and immunofixation (IF), and the incidence of a monoclonal protein (M-protein) is unknown using these techniques OBJECTIVE: To characterize and determine the proportion of canine B-CLL cases with an M-protein using plasma protein electrophoresis (PPE), routine and free light chain (fLC) IF, and to assess if productive B-CLL cases express MUM1/IRF4 by cell tube block (CTB) METHODS: PPE, routine (targeting IgG, IgA, IgM, IgG4, and light chain) and fLC IF were performed using 48 dog B-CLL plasma samples from patients diagnosed via peripheral blood flow cytometry. CTB was performed on a separate cohort of 15 patients RESULTS: Hyperproteinemia (>7.5 g/dL) was present in 17/48 cases (35%). An M-protein was detected in 32/48 cases (67%). Of these, 19/32 cases (59%) had only complete (monoclonal heavy and light chain) M-proteins detected, 10/32 cases (31%) had both complete and fLC M-proteins detected, and 3/32 cases (9%) had only an fLC M-protein detected. IgM was the most common clonal immunoglobulin isotype detected (23 cases). CD21+ cell counts were higher in cases with detectable M-protein. Plasma fLC IF suggested β-γ region interference, likely caused by clotting proteins. All B-CLL cases consistently expressed PAX5 and did not express MUM1/IRF4 CONCLUSIONS: Most B-CLL cases had an M-protein and were not hyperproteinemic. Most cases with paraproteins had a complete IgM monoclonal gammopathy; a subset had documented fLCs. The prognostic significance of heavy and fLC presence should be evaluated |
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| Beschreibung: | Date Completed 02.12.2022 Date Revised 26.04.2024 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1939-165X |
| DOI: | 10.1111/vcp.13156 |