Correction for Hydrophone Spatial Averaging Artifacts for Circular Sources
This article reports an investigation of an inverse-filter method to correct for experimental underestimation of pressure due to spatial averaging across a hydrophone sensitive element. The spatial averaging filter (SAF) depends on hydrophone type (membrane, needle, or fiber-optic), hydrophone geome...
| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control. - 1986. - 67(2020), 12 vom: 21. Dez., Seite 2674-2691 |
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| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
| Format: | Online-Aufsatz |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2020
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| Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk: | IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control |
| Schlagworte: | Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. |
| Zusammenfassung: | This article reports an investigation of an inverse-filter method to correct for experimental underestimation of pressure due to spatial averaging across a hydrophone sensitive element. The spatial averaging filter (SAF) depends on hydrophone type (membrane, needle, or fiber-optic), hydrophone geometrical sensitive element diameter, transducer driving frequency, and transducer F number (ratio of focal length to diameter). The absolute difference between theoretical and experimental SAFs for 25 transducer/hydrophone pairs was 7% ± 3% (mean ± standard deviation). Empirical formulas based on SAFs are provided to enable researchers to easily correct for hydrophone spatial averaging errors in peak compressional pressure ( pc ), peak rarefactional pressure ( pr ), and pulse intensity integral. The empirical formulas show, for example, that if a 3-MHz, F /2 transducer is driven to moderate nonlinear distortion and measured at the focal point with a 500- [Formula: see text] membrane hydrophone, then spatial averaging errors are approximately 16% ( pc ), 12% ( pr ), and 24% (pulse intensity integral). The formulas are based on circular transducers but also provide plausible upper bounds for spatial averaging errors for transducers with rectangular-transmit apertures, such as linear and phased arrays |
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| Beschreibung: | Date Completed 19.07.2021 Date Revised 03.08.2021 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1525-8955 |
| DOI: | 10.1109/TUFFC.2020.3007808 |