Cacao, vanilla and annatto: three production and exchange systems in the Southern Maya lowlands, XVI-XVII centuries

In this paper various historic agrosystems in the Maya Lowlands are examined; two of them specialized in semi-intensive and intensive production of three main crops: cacao, annatto and vanilla. The paper also examines the political and military pressure exerted by the Itzá on the Lacandón and Manché...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of Latin American Geography. - University of Texas Press. - 5(2006), 2, Seite 29-52
1. Verfasser:	Barrera, Laura Caso (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser:	Fernández, Mario Aliphat
Format:	Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	2006
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:	Journal of Latin American Geography
Schlagworte:	Biological sciences Applied sciences Physical sciences


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100	1		\|a Barrera, Laura Caso \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Cacao, vanilla and annatto: three production and exchange systems in the Southern Maya lowlands, XVI-XVII centuries
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520			\|a In this paper various historic agrosystems in the Maya Lowlands are examined; two of them specialized in semi-intensive and intensive production of three main crops: cacao, annatto and vanilla. The paper also examines the political and military pressure exerted by the Itzá on the Lacandón and Manché Chol territories which produced these valued crops. After the conquest of Verapaz, Spanish civil and religious authorities also exercised constant pressure over these territories and the encomienda towns of Verapaz traded with them to obtain cacao and annato. The Manché Chol cacao orchards are presented as an example of true cacao plantations. En este artículo se analizen diversos agrosistemas en las tierras bajas mayas, dos de los cuales se especializan en la producción semi-intensiva e intensiva de tres cultivos relevantes: cacao, achiote y vainilla. También se examina la presión política y bélica que ejercieron los itzaes sobre las poblaciones de los lacandones y choles del Manché, en cuyos territorios se producían estos apreciados cultivos. Después de la conquista de La Verapaz, las autoridades civiles religiosas hispanas también ejercieron una presión constante sobre estos territorios, lo mismo que los pueblos de encomienda que comerciaban con los lacandones y choles para obtener principalmente cacao y achiote. Las huertas de cacao de los choles del Manché pueden considerarse como ejemplos de "verdaderas plantaciones."
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Agriculture \|x Agricultural sciences \|x Agronomy \|x Crops \|x Field crops \|x Seed crops \|x Cacao
650		4	\|a Applied sciences \|x Food science \|x Foodstuffs \|x Food additives \|x Food colorings \|x Annatto
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Agriculture \|x Agricultural management \|x Crop management \|x Milpas
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Agriculture \|x Agricultural sciences \|x Agricultural geography \|x Agricultural land \|x Farmlands \|x Farms \|x Orchards
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geography \|x Geomorphology \|x Topography \|x Lowlands
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Agriculture \|x Agricultural sciences \|x Agroecology
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geography
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Biology \|x Botany \|x Plants
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geography \|x Geographic regions
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Agriculture \|x Sustainable agriculture
655		4	\|a research-article
700	1		\|a Fernández, Mario Aliphat \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
773	0	8	\|i Enthalten in \|t Journal of Latin American Geography \|d University of Texas Press \|g 5(2006), 2, Seite 29-52 \|w (DE-627)470155019 \|w (DE-600)2165332-X \|x 15485811 \|7 nnas
773	1	8	\|g volume:5 \|g year:2006 \|g number:2 \|g pages:29-52
856	4	0	\|u https://www.jstor.org/stable/25765138 \|3 Volltext
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