A Critical Review on the Progress, Challenges, and Future Outlook of Forward Osmosis Desalination in the 21st Century
© 2025 Water Environment Federation.
| Publié dans: | Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation. - 1998. - 97(2025), 10 vom: 21. Okt., Seite e70191 |
|---|---|
| Auteur principal: | |
| Autres auteurs: | , , , |
| Format: | Article en ligne |
| Langue: | English |
| Publié: |
2025
|
| Accès à la collection: | Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation |
| Sujets: | Journal Article Review commercialization desalination draw solution energy consumption forward osmosis hybrid systems machine learning membrane fouling |
| Résumé: | © 2025 Water Environment Federation. The escalating global water crisis, driven by population growth, climate change, and increasing industrial demands, has positioned water scarcity as one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century. With freshwater resources becoming increasingly limited and unevenly distributed, desalination technologies have emerged as critical solutions to meet growing water demands. Among various desalination approaches, forward osmosis (FO) has garnered significant attention as a promising low fouling technology that offers distinct advantages over conventional methods. This critical review provides a comprehensive analysis of FO's evolution, challenges, mechanisms, and prospects. It offers an in-depth examination of some significant literature reviews since 2019 to identify current research gaps in FO desalination and advance the field. The review evaluates draw agents and membrane properties, investigates FO's energy efficiency compared with other techniques, and environmental impacts. A three-phase roadmap is proposed involving collaborative integration of key stakeholders, scaling up for remote applications, and development of autonomous artificial intelligence networks for adaptive treatment responses |
|---|---|
| Description: | Date Completed 21.10.2025 Date Revised 21.10.2025 published: Print Citation Status MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1554-7531 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/wer.70191 |