Enhancing salinity tolerance in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) through 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) : Ionic homeostasis, and defense response modulation
Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
| Veröffentlicht in: | Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. - 1991. - 229(2025), Pt C vom: 09. Okt., Seite 110608 |
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| Weitere Verfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Online-Aufsatz |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2025
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| Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk: | Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB |
| Schlagworte: | Journal Article Antioxidant enzymes Fenugreek Gene expression Ion regulation Osmoprotectants Salinity resilience |
| Zusammenfassung: | Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. This study assessed the role of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) to alleviate the negative effects of salinity stress on Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) plants. First, we evaluated how different NaCl concentrations affected fenugreek plants and found that elevated salt concentrations had detrimental impact on its seed germination and growth. However, exogenous treatment of 6-BA+24-EBL in fenugreek plants improves its growth and salt tolerance by modulating key physiological and biochemical traits. For example, dual treatment of (6-BA+24-EBL) showed enhanced germination (14 %), seedling length (30.6 %), vigour index (and 30.8 %), and root biomass (22 %) as compared to non 6-BA+24-EBL treated salt exposed fenugreek plants. Further the dual treatment of 6-BA+24-EBL improved total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio, carotenoid, total soluble sugar (34.5 %), and total soluble protein by 27 %, 18.9 %, 24.6 %, 34.5 and 38.6 %, respectively, under NaCl stress. Additionally, they regulated ion homeostasis, reducing sodium (Na+) by 72.2 % (roots) and 73.6 % (shoots), and increasing potassium (K+) by 27.8 % (roots) and 31.8 % (shoots) in fenugreek plants under NaCl stress. Under 100 mM NaCl stress, exogeneous 6-BA+24-EBL application enhanced catalase (CAT; 71 %), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; 58.5 %), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX; 19.5 %), superoxide dismutase (SOD; 23 %), peroxidase (POD; 17.5 %), and glutathione reductase (GR; 15.7 %) levels. The qRT-PCR analysis showed significant upregulation of defence-related genes- CAT (29.25-fold), APX (8.62-fold), SOD (8.22-fold), POD (7.88-fold), and GR (5.88-fold) in 100 mM NaCl-stressed fenugreek treated with 6-BA+24-EBL. Multivariate analysis (MVA) identified mineral imbalance, osmotic disruption, and elevated oxidative damage as key factors contributing to salt toxicity. The combined exogenous application of 6-BA and 24-EBL effectively mitigates salinity stress in fenugreek by enhancing antioxidant defence responses, maintaining ion and osmotic balance, and improving germination and growth |
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| Beschreibung: | Date Revised 15.10.2025 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status Publisher |
| ISSN: | 1873-2690 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110608 |