The Function, Evolution, and Future of Carboxysomes
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprintsoup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink serv...
| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of experimental botany. - 1985. - (2025) vom: 26. Sept. |
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| Format: | Online-Aufsatz |
| Sprache: | English |
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2025
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| Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk: | Journal of experimental botany |
| Schlagworte: | Journal Article CO2 concentrating mechanisms Carboxysomes chloroplasts cyanobacteria evolution inorganic carbon photosynthesis synthetic biology |
| Zusammenfassung: | © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprintsoup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. Since their discovery as rubisco-containing compartments more than 50 years ago, significant breakthroughs have advanced our understanding of carboxysome structure and function, and their centrality to cyanobacterial CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). Within CCMs, cellular bicarbonate (HCO3-) is actively accumulated and maintained by a suite of HCO3- transporters and CO2-to-HCO3- conversion pumps to support carboxysome function. This elevation of cellular HCO3- is indispensable for carboxysome action, as they rely entirely on concentrated HCO3- to generate internal CO2 for rubisco. This review traces the historical progression of carboxysome research, from early structural observations to modern insights into their biogenesis, internal organization, and function. We explore the evolutionary trajectory of carboxysomes, hypothesising why terrestrial plants, despite sharing a common ancestor with cyanobacteria, lack these microcompartments. Despite their absence from plants, carboxysomes are now being engineered into plant chloroplasts as part of efforts to improve photosynthetic performance. We also address the physiological implications of carboxysome gas permeability, the role of oxygenation, and the need for in vitro assays to assess carboxysome functionality in engineered systems. We discuss the challenges of reconstructing functional carboxysomes in heterologous systems, particularly the need for HCO3- accumulation. Finally, we consider the future of carboxysomes, including their use as modular platforms for carbon fixation and novel catalytic functions and their potential forward evolutionary trajectories. By synthesizing historical, mechanistic, and applied perspectives, this review highlights both the possibilities and limitations of rubisco encapsulation in heterologous systems |
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| Beschreibung: | Date Revised 26.09.2025 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status Publisher |
| ISSN: | 1460-2431 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/jxb/eraf425 |