Flowers meet Newton : testing the role of gravitational pull in resupination of orchid flowers

© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprintsoup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink serv...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of experimental botany. - 1985. - (2024) vom: 04. Okt.
1. Verfasser: Cardoso, João C F (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser: Johnson, Steven D, Oliveira, Paulo E
Format: Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: 2024
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:Journal of experimental botany
Schlagworte:Journal Article Flower orientation Orchidaceae gravity labellum pollination resupination
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520 |a Resupination refers to the developmental orientation changes of flowers through ≈180º, leaving them effectively upside-down. It is a widespread trait present in 14 angiosperm families, including the Orchidaceae, where it is a gravitropic phenomenon actively controlled by auxins. Here, we demonstrate that the passive gravitational pull on flower parts can have an additional influence on resupination. We studied a lady's slipper orchid in which some flowers naturally fail to resupinate. We conducted a manipulative experiment removing floral parts and showed that both the probability of complete resupination and the degree of flower vertical movement (from 0º - 180º) are related to the mass of floral organs. During flower development, the tip of the ovary slightly curves actively (14.75º) due to gravitropism. This promotes a lever arm effect so that the gravitational pull acting on flower mass creates a torque that bends the ovary, orienting the flower into a resupinate position that is accessible to pollinators. The role of the mass of floral organs in resupination provides new insights into flower development and its role in pollination mechanisms 
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