Fate of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through two full-scale wastewater sludge incinerators

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation. - 1998. - 96(2024), 3 vom: 31. März, Seite e11009
1. Verfasser:	Winchell, Lloyd J (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser:	Wells, Martha J M, Ross, John J, Kakar, Farokh, Teymouri, Ali, Gonzalez, Dana J, Dangtran, Ky, Bessler, Scott M, Carlson, Shane, Almansa, Xavier Fonoll, Norton, John W Jr, Bell, Katherine Y
Format:	Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	2024
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:	Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation
Schlagworte:	Journal Article PFAS combustion emissions greenhouse gases incineration organic fluorine products-of-incomplete-combustion wastewater Sewage mehr... Wastewater Greenhouse Gases Alkanes Water 059QF0KO0R Fluorocarbons

Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	© 2024 The Authors. Water Environment Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Water Environment Federation. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging issue in wastewater treatment. High-temperature thermal processes, incineration being time-tested, offer the opportunity to destroy and change the composition of PFAS. The fate of PFAS has been documented through wastewater sludge incinerators, including a multiple hearth furnace (MHF) and a fluidized bed furnace (FBF). The dewatered wastewater sludge feedstock averaged 247- and 1280-μmol targeted PFAS per sample run in MHF and FBF feed, respectively. Stack emissions (reportable for all targeted PFAS from MHF only) averaged 5% of that value with shorter alkyl chain compounds comprising the majority of the targeted PFAS. Wet scrubber water streams accumulated nonpolar fluorinated organics from the furnace exhaust with an average of 0.740- and 0.114-mol F- per sample run, for the MHF and FBF, respectively. Simple alkane PFAS measured at the stack represented 0.5%-4.5% of the total estimated facility greenhouse gas emissions. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The MHF emitted six short chain PFAS from the stack, which were shorter alkyl chain compounds compared with sludge PFAS. The FBF did not consistently emit reportable PFAS from the stack, but contamination complicated the assessment. Five percent of the MHF sludge molar PFAS load was reported in the stack. MHF and FBF wet scrubber water streams accumulated nonpolar fluorinated organics from the furnace exhaust. Ultra-short volatile alkane PFAS measured at the stack represented 0.5%-4.5% of the estimated facility greenhouse gas emissions
Beschreibung:	Date Completed 07.03.2024 Date Revised 07.03.2024 published: Print Citation Status MEDLINE
ISSN:	1554-7531
DOI:	10.1002/wer.11009