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231226s2023 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c |
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|a 10.1109/TUFFC.2022.3211183
|2 doi
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|a pubmed24n1156.xml
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|a (DE-627)NLM346945100
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|a (NLM)36178990
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|a DE-627
|b ger
|c DE-627
|e rakwb
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|a eng
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1 |
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|a Wear, Keith A
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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|a Nominal Versus Actual Spatial Resolution
|b Comparison of Directivity and Frequency-Dependent Effective Sensitive Element Size for Membrane, Needle, Capsule, and Fiber-Optic Hydrophones
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|c 2023
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|a Text
|b txt
|2 rdacontent
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|a ƒaComputermedien
|b c
|2 rdamedia
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|a ƒa Online-Ressource
|b cr
|2 rdacarrier
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| 500 |
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|a Date Completed 07.04.2023
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|a Date Revised 11.04.2023
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|a published: Print-Electronic
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|a Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE
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|a Frequency-dependent effective sensitive element radius [Formula: see text] is a key parameter for elucidating physical mechanisms of hydrophone operation. In addition, it is essential to know [Formula: see text] to correct for hydrophone output voltage reduction due to spatial averaging across the hydrophone sensitive element surface. At low frequencies, [Formula: see text] is greater than geometrical sensitive element radius ag . Consequently, at low frequencies, investigators can overrate their hydrophone spatial resolution. Empirical models for [Formula: see text] for membrane, needle, and fiber-optic hydrophones have been obtained previously. In this article, an empirical model for [Formula: see text] for capsule hydrophones is presented, so that models are now available for the four most common hydrophone types used in biomedical ultrasound. The [Formula: see text] value was estimated from directivity measurements (over the range from 1 to 20 MHz) for five capsule hydrophones (three with [Formula: see text] and two with [Formula: see text]). The results suggest that capsule hydrophones behave according to a "rigid piston" model for k a g ≥ 0.7 ( k = 2π /wavelength). Comparing the four hydrophone types, the low-frequency discrepancy between [Formula: see text] and ag was found to be greatest for membrane hydrophones, followed by capsule hydrophones, and smallest for needle and fiber-optic hydrophones. Empirical models for [Formula: see text] are helpful for choosing an appropriate hydrophone for an experiment and for correcting for spatial averaging (over the sensitive element surface) in pressure and beamwidth measurements. When reporting hydrophone-based pressure measurements, investigators should specify [Formula: see text] at the center frequency (which may be estimated from the models presented here) in addition to ag
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|a Journal Article
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|a Shah, Anant
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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| 773 |
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|i Enthalten in
|t IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
|d 1986
|g 70(2023), 2 vom: 13. Feb., Seite 112-119
|w (DE-627)NLM098181017
|x 1525-8955
|7 nnns
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| 773 |
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|g volume:70
|g year:2023
|g number:2
|g day:13
|g month:02
|g pages:112-119
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|u http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2022.3211183
|3 Volltext
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|d 70
|j 2023
|e 2
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|h 112-119
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