The DNA methylation landscape of the root-knot nematode-induced pseudo-organ, the gall, in Arabidopsis, is dynamic, contrasting over time, and critically important for successful parasitism
© 2022 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2022 New Phytologist Foundation.
| Publié dans: | The New phytologist. - 1979. - 236(2022), 5 vom: 26. Dez., Seite 1888-1907 |
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| Auteur principal: | |
| Autres auteurs: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Article en ligne |
| Langue: | English |
| Publié: |
2022
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| Accès à la collection: | The New phytologist |
| Sujets: | Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Meloidogyne javanica Arabidopsis DNA methylation/epigenetics signatures galls giant cells siRNAs tomato transposons plus... |
| Résumé: | © 2022 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2022 New Phytologist Foundation. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) induce giant cells (GCs) within galls which are characterized by large-scale gene repression at early stages. However, the epigenetic mechanism(s) underlying gene silencing is (are) still poorly characterized. DNA methylation in Arabidopsis galls induced by Meloidogyne javanica was studied at crucial infection stages (3 d post-infection (dpi) and 14 dpi) using enzymatic, cytological, and sequencing approaches. DNA methyltransferase mutants (met1, cmt2, cmt3, cmt2/3, drm1/2, ddc) and a DNA demethylase mutant (ros1), were analyzed for RKN resistance/tolerance, and galls were characterized by confocal microscopy and RNA-seq. Early galls were hypermethylated, and the GCs were found to be the major contributors to this hypermethylation, consistent with the very high degree of gene repression they exhibit. By contrast, medium/late galls showed no global increase in DNA methylation compared to uninfected roots, but exhibited large-scale redistribution of differentially methylated regions (DMRs). In line with these findings, it was also shown that DNA methylation and demethylation mutants showed impaired nematode reproduction and gall/GC-development. Moreover, siRNAs that were exclusively present in early galls accumulated at hypermethylated DMRs, overlapping mostly with retrotransposons in the CHG/CG contexts that might be involved in their repression, contributing to their stability/genome integrity. Promoter/gene methylation correlated with differentially expressed genes encoding proteins with basic cell functions. Both mechanisms are consistent with reprogramming host tissues for gall/GC formation. In conclusion, RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM; DRM2/1) pathways, maintenance methyltransferases (MET1/CMT3) and demethylation (ROS1) appear to be prominent mechanisms driving a dynamic regulation of the epigenetic landscape during RKN infection |
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| Description: | Date Completed 04.11.2022 Date Revised 10.01.2023 published: Print-Electronic RefSeq: GSE155853, GSE156025, GSE71563, GSE155171 Citation Status MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1469-8137 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/nph.18395 |