Sensitivity enhancement of an experimental benchtop x-ray fluorescence imaging system by deploying a single crystal cadmium telluride detector system optimized for high flux x-ray operations
In this work, an energy-resolving thermoelectrically cooled single crystal cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector system upgraded with the latest firmware was optimized for high x-ray flux operations using high bias voltage and fast peaking time. This detector system was deployed into an experimental ben...
| Publié dans: | Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment. - 1987. - 1025(2022) vom: 11. Feb. |
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| Auteur principal: | |
| Autres auteurs: | , |
| Format: | Article en ligne |
| Langue: | English |
| Publié: |
2022
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| Accès à la collection: | Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment |
| Sujets: | Journal Article benchtop x-ray fluorescence imaging gold nanoparticles single crystal cadmium telluride detector x-ray fluorescence |
| Résumé: | In this work, an energy-resolving thermoelectrically cooled single crystal cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector system upgraded with the latest firmware was optimized for high x-ray flux operations using high bias voltage and fast peaking time. This detector system was deployed into an experimental benchtop x-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging/computed tomography (XFCT) system developed for quantitative imaging of metal nanoprobes such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Using the firmware-upgraded and existing/old CdTe detector systems, the Compton/XRF spectra from small (8 mm diameter) GNP-containing phantoms were acquired. The phantoms were irradiated with 1.8 mm Sn-filtered 125 kVp cone beam x-rays at 24 mA. The firmware-upgraded detector system produced relatively lower dead time under high x-ray flux, compared with the old detector system, and performed well with the spectral resolution of ~0.7 keV (in full width at half maximum) at 69 keV photon energy. Given the same 2 mm aperture detector collimator and irradiation time of 10 s, this detector system managed to score nearly 50% more gold XRF signals than the existing one at all GNP concentrations tested. This improvement resulted in the GNP detection limit of 0.02 wt. % which was lower than that (0.03 wt. %) achievable with the existing detector system. When combined with the detector collimator containing a larger (3 mm) aperture, the firmware-upgraded detector system produced drastically more gold XRF signal at a given GNP concentration (e.g., 9 times more for 1 wt. % GNP solution and irradiation time of 10 s), leading to further reduction in the GNP detection limit (i.e., 0.01 wt. %). The present investigation showed that the firmware upgraded CdTe detector system optimized for high x-ray flux operations allowed for better photon counting efficiency, thus leading to sensitivity enhancement of an experimental benchtop XRF/XFCT imaging system |
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| Description: | Date Revised 12.02.2023 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 0168-9002 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.nima.2021.166198 |