Short- and long-term carbon emissions from oil palm plantations converted from logged tropical peat swamp forest
© 2021 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
| Publié dans: | Global change biology. - 1999. - 27(2021), 11 vom: 15. Juni, Seite 2361-2376 |
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| Auteur principal: | |
| Autres auteurs: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Article en ligne |
| Langue: | English |
| Publié: |
2021
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| Accès à la collection: | Global change biology |
| Sujets: | Journal Article carbon emission carbon stocks ecosystem carbon exchange eddy covariance land-use change oil palm plantation peatland drainage tropical peatland conversion Soil plus... |
| Résumé: | © 2021 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Need for regional economic development and global demand for agro-industrial commodities have resulted in large-scale conversion of forested landscapes to industrial agriculture across South East Asia. However, net emissions of CO2 from tropical peatland conversions may be significant and remain poorly quantified, resulting in controversy around the magnitude of carbon release following conversion. Here we present long-term, whole ecosystem monitoring of carbon exchange from two oil palm plantations on converted tropical peat swamp forest. Our sites compare a newly converted oil palm plantation (OPnew) to a mature oil palm plantation (OPmature) and combine them in the context of existing emission factors. Mean annual net emission (NEE) of CO2 measured at OPnew during the conversion period (137.8 Mg CO2 ha-1 year-1 ) was an order of magnitude lower during the measurement period at OPmature (17.5 Mg CO2 ha-1 year-1 ). However, mean water table depth (WTD) was shallower (0.26 m) than a typical drainage target of 0.6 m suggesting our emissions may be a conservative estimate for mature plantations, mean WTD at OPnew was more typical at 0.54 m. Reductions in net emissions were primarily driven by increasing biomass accumulation into highly productive palms. Further analysis suggested annual peat carbon losses of 24.9 Mg CO2 -C ha-1 year-1 over the first 6 years, lower than previous estimates for this early period from subsidence studies, losses reduced to 12.8 Mg CO2 -C ha-1 year-1 in the later, mature phase. Despite reductions in NEE and carbon loss over time, the system remained a large net source of carbon to the atmosphere after 12 years with the remaining 8 years of a typical plantation's rotation unlikely to recoup losses. These results emphasize the need for effective protection of tropical peatlands globally and strengthening of legislative enforcement where moratoria on peatland conversion already exist |
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| Description: | Date Completed 27.05.2021 Date Revised 27.05.2021 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1365-2486 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/gcb.15544 |