First Report of the Hop Cyst Nematode, Heterodera humuli, in Two Counties of the Yakima Valley Region, WA, USA

Cyst nematodes are ranked as the second most damaging plant-parasitic nematode genus of crops worldwide (Jones et al. 2013). The hop cyst nematode, Heterodera humuli, has been reported to cause up to 38% reduction in dry hops per bine (Hay and Pethybridge 2003). America is the top hop producing coun...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Plant disease. - 1997. - (2020) vom: 16. Dez.
1. Verfasser: Darling, Elisabeth (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser: Pu, Jian, Cole, Emilie, Christian, Ryan, Warner, Frederick William, Zasada, Inga, Chung, Henry, Quintanilla, Marisol
Format: Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: 2020
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:Plant disease
Schlagworte:Journal Article Causal Agent Crop Type Epidemiology Fruit Nematodes Pathogen detection Subject Areas disease development and spread small fruits
LEADER 01000caa a22002652 4500
001 NLM318908492
003 DE-627
005 20240229143030.0
007 cr uuu---uuuuu
008 231225s2020 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c
024 7 |a 10.1094/PDIS-08-20-1769-PDN  |2 doi 
028 5 2 |a pubmed24n1303.xml 
035 |a (DE-627)NLM318908492 
035 |a (NLM)33325745 
040 |a DE-627  |b ger  |c DE-627  |e rakwb 
041 |a eng 
100 1 |a Darling, Elisabeth  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
245 1 0 |a First Report of the Hop Cyst Nematode, Heterodera humuli, in Two Counties of the Yakima Valley Region, WA, USA 
264 1 |c 2020 
336 |a Text  |b txt  |2 rdacontent 
337 |a ƒaComputermedien  |b c  |2 rdamedia 
338 |a ƒa Online-Ressource  |b cr  |2 rdacarrier 
500 |a Date Revised 22.02.2024 
500 |a published: Print-Electronic 
500 |a Citation Status Publisher 
520 |a Cyst nematodes are ranked as the second most damaging plant-parasitic nematode genus of crops worldwide (Jones et al. 2013). The hop cyst nematode, Heterodera humuli, has been reported to cause up to 38% reduction in dry hops per bine (Hay and Pethybridge 2003). America is the top hop producing country worldwide, with 75% of production occurring in Washington state, with the majority of this production occurring in the Yakima Valley region (USDA, 2019). In late 2019, 30 soil samples from 15 different fields were collected from the hop cvs. HBC 394, HBC 369, and YCR 14. Nematodes were extracted using an adapted centrifugal floatation method (Jenkins 1964) from 100 cc subsamples of soil. Twenty of these samples contained at least one cyst and 23 contained at least one juvenile. Body length of juveniles (n = 5) averaged + standard deviation 377.62 ± 4.76 μm which is consistent with H. humuli juvenile body measurements (Sen 1968). Three samples from Yakima County and two from Benton County were identified to the species level using sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 5.8S gene. The sequences (GenBank accession numbers MT840678 to MT840682) were amplified using forward primer 5.8S-F (5'-GTGATTCCATTCACCAHCTACCTG-3'), and reverse primer 5.8S-R (5'-TTCGCACTAATTATCGCAGTTGG-3'). Sequence comparison with available ITS (5.8S) sequences in GenBank using BLAST showed 99.85% identity to H. humuli for all five samples. Because COI sequences of H. humuli are not available, to provide an additional marker for species identification, we amplified the COI sequences by using (forward primer Hete-COI-F (5'-TTTGGDCAYCCHGARGTTTATGTT-3'), and reverse primer Hete-COI-R (5'-AYWGTAAAAAGGRRAATAAAACC-3') for these samples. Four COI sequences (GenBank accession numbers MT840683 to MT840686) were obtained. These COI sequences will be used to identify future H. humuli samples. To confirm pathogenicity, eight 1-gal pots were filled with a 90:10 play sand to potting soil mixture and one hop rhizome cv. 'Centennial' was planted in pots and maintained in a greenhouse. After above ground plant growth was observed, half the pots were inoculated with hand-picked H. humuli cysts from Yakima soil samples at a density of 10 cysts/100 cc of soil. The life cycle of H. humuli in potted experiments is 40 days (McNamara and Mende 1995). Forty-five days after inoculation, plant measurements were recorded and nematodes extracted from five 100 cc soil samples per pot as described above. Soil samples revealed that H. humuli populations had an average Reproductive Factor (RF = final nematode population/initial nematode population) of 2.08. Five cysts were crushed to determine eggs/cyst, which yielded an average of 101 eggs/cyst. Young infected hops lacked vigor, with all replicates stunted both in bine height and leaf length compared to healthy controls. Bine heights were reduced by an average of 40.4% in pots inoculated with H. humuli compared to control plants (P = 0.0016). Distribution of hop cyst within the United States is limited to the top four states for hop production: Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Michigan (Cobb 1962; Sen and Jensen 1967; Hafez et al. 2010, Warner and Bird, 2015). In 1962, Cobb reported H. humuli in Pierce County, Washington, but it had not been reported in Benton County and Yakima County until now. This is a significant finding that has the potential to impact the Washington state hop industry, valued at $475.7 million in 2019 (USDA, 2019). Due to the lack of known effective nematode control measures, the discovery of H. humuli in the major hop-growing region of Washington warrants concern 
650 4 |a Journal Article 
650 4 |a Causal Agent 
650 4 |a Crop Type 
650 4 |a Epidemiology 
650 4 |a Fruit 
650 4 |a Nematodes 
650 4 |a Pathogen detection 
650 4 |a Subject Areas 
650 4 |a disease development and spread 
650 4 |a small fruits 
700 1 |a Pu, Jian  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Cole, Emilie  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Christian, Ryan  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Warner, Frederick William  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Zasada, Inga  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Chung, Henry  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Quintanilla, Marisol  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
773 0 8 |i Enthalten in  |t Plant disease  |d 1997  |g (2020) vom: 16. Dez.  |w (DE-627)NLM098181742  |x 0191-2917  |7 nnns 
773 1 8 |g year:2020  |g day:16  |g month:12 
856 4 0 |u http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-20-1769-PDN  |3 Volltext 
912 |a GBV_USEFLAG_A 
912 |a SYSFLAG_A 
912 |a GBV_NLM 
912 |a GBV_ILN_350 
951 |a AR 
952 |j 2020  |b 16  |c 12