Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of animal by-products : Influence of operating conditions
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
| Veröffentlicht in: | Waste management (New York, N.Y.). - 1999. - 99(2019) vom: 15. Nov., Seite 49-59 |
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| Format: | Online-Aufsatz |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2019
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| Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk: | Waste management (New York, N.Y.) |
| Schlagworte: | Journal Article Animal by-products Biocrude Hydrothermal liquefaction Influence of variables Biofuels Water 059QF0KO0R |
| Zusammenfassung: | Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Animal By-Products (ABP) is a promising technology for their recycling and disposal. Different operating parameters have been studied to determine their influence on the process. Higher heating values of biocrudes ranging between 35 and 39 MJ/kg have been obtained showing a maximum yield of 61% at 225 °C. At low HTL temperature, the products are similar to those of rendering process and the biocrude is mainly formed by triglycerides and fatty acids in a 90:10 ratio, approximately. By increasing temperature, the free fatty acid yield increases, as well as amides and heterocyclic compounds as a result of the triglycerides and protein reactions. Between 250 and 290 °C a great difference in the composition of the biocrude obtained is observed. Water content also showed significant effects on the product yields. Large amounts of foams were obtained at low water contents that were minimised when it is increased. This is a very important feature to be considered for scaling up the phase separation process. Glycerine amount in the aqueous phase was remarkable, as a consequence of fat hydrolysis. Increasing pH to 9 increases the extraction of organics into the aqueous phase, whereas operating at pH 5 yields similar amounts of biocrude as compared with neutral pH, with a higher percentage of fatty acids. Reusing of the aqueous phase is necessary for the viability of the process and leads to increasing amounts of dissolved organics in the aqueous phase with the number of cycles, reaching a saturation level after three-four recycling rounds |
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| Beschreibung: | Date Completed 17.09.2019 Date Revised 17.09.2019 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1879-2456 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.022 |