|
|
|
|
| LEADER |
01000caa a22002652 4500 |
| 001 |
NLM293072728 |
| 003 |
DE-627 |
| 005 |
20250224173643.0 |
| 007 |
cr uuu---uuuuu |
| 008 |
231225s2018 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c |
| 024 |
7 |
|
|a 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.07.003
|2 doi
|
| 028 |
5 |
2 |
|a pubmed25n0976.xml
|
| 035 |
|
|
|a (DE-627)NLM293072728
|
| 035 |
|
|
|a (NLM)30679887
|
| 040 |
|
|
|a DE-627
|b ger
|c DE-627
|e rakwb
|
| 041 |
|
|
|a eng
|
| 100 |
1 |
|
|a Krausmann, Fridolin
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
|
| 245 |
1 |
0 |
|a From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions
|b The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900-2015
|
| 264 |
|
1 |
|c 2018
|
| 336 |
|
|
|a Text
|b txt
|2 rdacontent
|
| 337 |
|
|
|a ƒaComputermedien
|b c
|2 rdamedia
|
| 338 |
|
|
|a ƒa Online-Ressource
|b cr
|2 rdacarrier
|
| 500 |
|
|
|a Date Revised 25.02.2020
|
| 500 |
|
|
|a published: Print
|
| 500 |
|
|
|a Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE
|
| 520 |
|
|
|a The size and structure of the socioeconomic metabolism are key for the planet's sustainability. In this article, we provide a consistent assessment of the development of material flows through the global economy in the period 1900-2015 using material flow accounting in combination with results from dynamic stock-flow modelling. Based on this approach, we can trace materials from extraction to their use, their accumulation in in-use stocks and finally to outflows of wastes and emissions and provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of societies metabolism during global industrialization. This enables outlooks on inflows and outflows, which environmental policy makers require for pursuing strategies towards a more sustainable resource use. Over the whole time period, we observe a growth in global material extraction by a factor of 12 to 89 Gt/yr. A shift from materials for dissipative use to stock building materials resulted in a massive increase of in-use stocks of materials to 961 Gt in 2015. Since materials increasingly accumulate in stocks, outflows of wastes are growing at a slower pace than inputs. In 2015, outflows amounted to 58 Gt/yr, of which 35% were solid wastes and 25% emissions, the reminder being excrements, dissipative use and water vapor. Our results indicate a significant acceleration of global material flows since the beginning of the 21st century. We show that this acceleration, which took off in 2002, was not a short-term phenomenon but continues since more than a decade. Between 2002 and 2015, global material extraction increased by 53% in spite of the 2008 economic crisis. Based on detailed data on material stocks and flows and information on their long-term historic development, we make a rough estimate of what a global convergence of metabolic patterns at the current level in industrialized countries paired with a continuation of past efficiency gains might imply for global material demand. We find that in such a scenario until 2050 average global metabolic rates double to 22 t/cap/yr and material extraction increases to around 218 Gt/yr. Overall the analysis indicates a grand challenge calling for urgent action, fostering a continuous and considerable reduction of material flows to acceptable levels
|
| 650 |
|
4 |
|a Journal Article
|
| 650 |
|
4 |
|a Dematerialization
|
| 650 |
|
4 |
|a Great acceleration
|
| 650 |
|
4 |
|a In-use material stocks
|
| 650 |
|
4 |
|a Material flow accounting
|
| 650 |
|
4 |
|a Sustainable resource use
|
| 650 |
|
4 |
|a Waste and emissions
|
| 700 |
1 |
|
|a Lauk, Christian
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
|
| 700 |
1 |
|
|a Haas, Willi
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
|
| 700 |
1 |
|
|a Wiedenhofer, Dominik
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
|
| 773 |
0 |
8 |
|i Enthalten in
|t Global environmental change : human and policy dimensions
|d 1995
|g 52(2018) vom: 16. Sept., Seite 131-140
|w (DE-627)NLM09820260X
|x 0959-3780
|7 nnns
|
| 773 |
1 |
8 |
|g volume:52
|g year:2018
|g day:16
|g month:09
|g pages:131-140
|
| 856 |
4 |
0 |
|u http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.07.003
|3 Volltext
|
| 912 |
|
|
|a GBV_USEFLAG_A
|
| 912 |
|
|
|a SYSFLAG_A
|
| 912 |
|
|
|a GBV_NLM
|
| 912 |
|
|
|a GBV_ILN_350
|
| 951 |
|
|
|a AR
|
| 952 |
|
|
|d 52
|j 2018
|b 16
|c 09
|h 131-140
|