Ecosystem heterogeneity and diversity mitigate Amazon forest resilience to frequent extreme droughts

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	The New phytologist. - 1979. - 219(2018), 3 vom: 01. Aug., Seite 914-931
1. Verfasser:	Longo, Marcos (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser:	Knox, Ryan G, Levine, Naomi M, Alves, Luciana F, Bonal, Damien, Camargo, Plinio B, Fitzjarrald, David R, Hayek, Matthew N, Restrepo-Coupe, Natalia, Saleska, Scott R, da Silva, Rodrigo, Stark, Scott C, Tapajós, Raphael P, Wiedemann, Kenia T, Zhang, Ke, Wofsy, Steven C, Moorcroft, Paul R
Format:	Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	2018
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:	The New phytologist
Schlagworte:	Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Amazon biomass loss climate change droughts ecosystem demography model forest vulnerability water and light competition mehr... Carbon Dioxide 142M471B3J

Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	© 2018 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2018 New Phytologist Trust. The impact of increases in drought frequency on the Amazon forest's composition, structure and functioning remain uncertain. We used a process- and individual-based ecosystem model (ED2) to quantify the forest's vulnerability to increased drought recurrence. We generated meteorologically realistic, drier-than-observed rainfall scenarios for two Amazon forest sites, Paracou (wetter) and Tapajós (drier), to evaluate the impacts of more frequent droughts on forest biomass, structure and composition. The wet site was insensitive to the tested scenarios, whereas at the dry site biomass declined when average rainfall reduction exceeded 15%, due to high mortality of large-sized evergreen trees. Biomass losses persisted when year-long drought recurrence was shorter than 2-7 yr, depending upon soil texture and leaf phenology. From the site-level scenario results, we developed regionally applicable metrics to quantify the Amazon forest's climatological proximity to rainfall regimes likely to cause biomass loss > 20% in 50 yr according to ED2 predictions. Nearly 25% (1.8 million km2 ) of the Amazon forests could experience frequent droughts and biomass loss if mean annual rainfall or interannual variability changed by 2σ. At least 10% of the high-emission climate projections (CMIP5/RCP8.5 models) predict critically dry regimes over 25% of the Amazon forest area by 2100
Beschreibung:	Date Completed 27.09.2019 Date Revised 30.09.2020 published: Print-Electronic CommentIn: New Phytol. 2018 Aug;219(3):845-847. - PMID 29998533 Citation Status MEDLINE
ISSN:	1469-8137
DOI:	10.1111/nph.15185