The Current Status of Somatostatin-Interneurons in Inhibitory Control of Brain Function and Plasticity
The mammalian neocortex contains many distinct inhibitory neuronal populations to balance excitatory neurotransmission. A correct excitation/inhibition equilibrium is crucial for normal brain development, functioning, and controlling lifelong cortical plasticity. Knowledge about how the inhibitory n...
| Veröffentlicht in: | Neural plasticity. - 1998. - 2016(2016) vom: 18., Seite 8723623 |
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| Format: | Online-Aufsatz |
| Sprache: | English |
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2016
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| Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk: | Neural plasticity |
| Schlagworte: | Journal Article Review Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Somatostatin 51110-01-1 |
| Zusammenfassung: | The mammalian neocortex contains many distinct inhibitory neuronal populations to balance excitatory neurotransmission. A correct excitation/inhibition equilibrium is crucial for normal brain development, functioning, and controlling lifelong cortical plasticity. Knowledge about how the inhibitory network contributes to brain plasticity however remains incomplete. Somatostatin- (SST-) interneurons constitute a large neocortical subpopulation of interneurons, next to parvalbumin- (PV-) and vasoactive intestinal peptide- (VIP-) interneurons. Unlike the extensively studied PV-interneurons, acknowledged as key components in guiding ocular dominance plasticity, the contribution of SST-interneurons is less understood. Nevertheless, SST-interneurons are ideally situated within cortical networks to integrate unimodal or cross-modal sensory information processing and therefore likely to be important mediators of experience-dependent plasticity. The lack of knowledge on SST-interneurons partially relates to the wide variety of distinct subpopulations present in the sensory neocortex. This review informs on those SST-subpopulations hitherto described based on anatomical, molecular, or electrophysiological characteristics and whose functional roles can be attributed based on specific cortical wiring patterns. A possible role for these subpopulations in experience-dependent plasticity will be discussed, emphasizing on learning-induced plasticity and on unimodal and cross-modal plasticity upon sensory loss. This knowledge will ultimately contribute to guide brain plasticity into well-defined directions to restore sensory function and promote lifelong learning |
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| Beschreibung: | Date Completed 20.09.2017 Date Revised 11.11.2023 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1687-5443 |
| DOI: | 10.1155/2016/8723623 |