Arctic warming : nonlinear impacts of sea-ice and glacier melt on seabird foraging

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Global change biology. - 1999. - 21(2015), 3 vom: 15. März, Seite 1116-23
1. Verfasser: Grémillet, David (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser: Fort, Jérôme, Amélineau, Françoise, Zakharova, Elena, Le Bot, Tangi, Sala, Enric, Gavrilo, Maria
Format: Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: 2015
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:Global change biology
Schlagworte:Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't arctic climate change arctic marine fauna behavioural plasticity cryosphere historical data little auk
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520 |a Arctic climate change has profound impacts on the cryosphere, notably via shrinking sea-ice cover and retreating glaciers, and it is essential to evaluate and forecast the ecological consequences of such changes. We studied zooplankton-feeding little auks (Alle alle), a key sentinel species of the Arctic, at their northernmost breeding site in Franz-Josef Land (80°N), Russian Arctic. We tested the hypothesis that little auks still benefit from pristine arctic environmental conditions in this remote area. To this end, we analysed remote sensing data on sea-ice and coastal glacier dynamics collected in our study area across 1979-2013. Further, we recorded little auk foraging behaviour using miniature electronic tags attached to the birds in the summer of 2013, and compared it with similar data collected at three localities across the Atlantic Arctic. We also compared current and historical data on Franz-Josef Land little auk diet, morphometrics and chick growth curves. Our analyses reveal that summer sea-ice retreated markedly during the last decade, leaving the Franz-Josef Land archipelago virtually sea-ice free each summer since 2005. This had a profound impact on little auk foraging, which lost their sea-ice-associated prey. Concomitantly, large coastal glaciers retreated rapidly, releasing large volumes of melt water. Zooplankton is stunned by cold and osmotic shock at the boundary between glacier melt and coastal waters, creating new foraging hotspots for little auks. Birds therefore switched from foraging at distant ice-edge localities, to highly profitable feeding at glacier melt-water fronts within <5 km of their breeding site. Through this behavioural plasticity, little auks maintained their chick growth rates, but showed a 4% decrease in adult body mass. Our study demonstrates that arctic cryosphere changes may have antagonistic ecological consequences on coastal trophic flow. Such nonlinear responses complicate modelling exercises of current and future polar ecosystem dynamics 
650 4 |a Journal Article 
650 4 |a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 
650 4 |a arctic climate change 
650 4 |a arctic marine fauna 
650 4 |a behavioural plasticity 
650 4 |a cryosphere 
650 4 |a historical data 
650 4 |a little auk 
700 1 |a Fort, Jérôme  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Amélineau, Françoise  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Zakharova, Elena  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Le Bot, Tangi  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Sala, Enric  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Gavrilo, Maria  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
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773 1 8 |g volume:21  |g year:2015  |g number:3  |g day:15  |g month:03  |g pages:1116-23 
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