African crop yield reductions due to increasingly unbalanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus consumption

African crop yield reductions due to increasingly unbalanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus consumption

© 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Global change biology. - 1999. - 20(2014), 4 vom: 15. Apr., Seite 1278-88
1. Verfasser: van der Velde, Marijn (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser: Folberth, Christian, Balkovič, Juraj, Ciais, Philippe, Fritz, Steffen, Janssens, Ivan A, Obersteiner, Michael, See, Linda, Skalský, Rastislav, Xiong, Wei, Peñuelas, Josep
Format: Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: 2014
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:Global change biology
Schlagworte:Journal Article crop production fertilizer food security nutrients phosphate rock resource use stoichiometry Fertilizers Soil mehr... Phosphorus 27YLU75U4W Nitrogen N762921K75
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245 1 0 |a African crop yield reductions due to increasingly unbalanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus consumption 
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500 |a Date Revised 16.11.2017 
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520 |a © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 
520 |a The impact of soil nutrient depletion on crop production has been known for decades, but robust assessments of the impact of increasingly unbalanced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) application rates on crop production are lacking. Here, we use crop response functions based on 741 FAO maize crop trials and EPIC crop modeling across Africa to examine maize yield deficits resulting from unbalanced N : P applications under low, medium, and high input scenarios, for past (1975), current, and future N : P mass ratios of respectively, 1 : 0.29, 1 : 0.15, and 1 : 0.05. At low N inputs (10 kg ha(-1)), current yield deficits amount to 10% but will increase up to 27% under the assumed future N : P ratio, while at medium N inputs (50 kg N ha(-1)), future yield losses could amount to over 40%. The EPIC crop model was then used to simulate maize yields across Africa. The model results showed relative median future yield reductions at low N inputs of 40%, and 50% at medium and high inputs, albeit with large spatial variability. Dominant low-quality soils such as Ferralsols, which are strongly adsorbing P, and Arenosols with a low nutrient retention capacity, are associated with a strong yield decline, although Arenosols show very variable crop yield losses at low inputs. Optimal N : P ratios, i.e. those where the lowest amount of applied P produces the highest yield (given N input) where calculated with EPIC to be as low as 1 : 0.5. Finally, we estimated the additional P required given current N inputs, and given N inputs that would allow Africa to close yield gaps (ca. 70%). At current N inputs, P consumption would have to increase 2.3-fold to be optimal, and to increase 11.7-fold to close yield gaps. The P demand to overcome these yield deficits would provide a significant additional pressure on current global extraction of P resources 
650 4 |a Journal Article 
650 4 |a crop production 
650 4 |a fertilizer 
650 4 |a food security 
650 4 |a nutrients 
650 4 |a phosphate rock 
650 4 |a resource use 
650 4 |a stoichiometry 
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650 7 |a Soil  |2 NLM 
650 7 |a Phosphorus  |2 NLM 
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650 7 |a Nitrogen  |2 NLM 
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700 1 |a Folberth, Christian  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Balkovič, Juraj  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Ciais, Philippe  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Fritz, Steffen  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Janssens, Ivan A  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Obersteiner, Michael  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a See, Linda  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Skalský, Rastislav  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Xiong, Wei  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Peñuelas, Josep  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
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773 1 8 |g volume:20  |g year:2014  |g number:4  |g day:15  |g month:04  |g pages:1278-88 
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