Basin-scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Global change biology. - 1999. - 20(2014), 1 vom: 21. Jan., Seite 61-75
1. Verfasser:	Otero, Jaime (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser:	L'Abée-Lund, Jan Henning, Castro-Santos, Ted, Leonardsson, Kjell, Storvik, Geir O, Jonsson, Bror, Dempson, Brian, Russell, Ian C, Jensen, Arne J, Baglinière, Jean-Luc, Dionne, Mélanie, Armstrong, John D, Romakkaniemi, Atso, Letcher, Benjamin H, Kocik, John F, Erkinaro, Jaakko, Poole, Russell, Rogan, Ger, Lundqvist, Hans, Maclean, Julian C, Jokikokko, Erkki, Arnekleiv, Jo Vegar, Kennedy, Richard J, Niemelä, Eero, Caballero, Pablo, Music, Paul A, Antonsson, Thorolfur, Gudjonsson, Sigurdur, Veselov, Alexey E, Lamberg, Anders, Groom, Steve, Taylor, Benjamin H, Taberner, Malcolm, Dillane, Mary, Arnason, Fridthjofur, Horton, Gregg, Hvidsten, Nils A, Jonsson, Ingi R, Jonsson, Nina, McKelvey, Simon, Naesje, Tor F, Skaala, Oystein, Smith, Gordon W, Saegrov, Harald, Stenseth, Nils C, Vøllestad, Leif Asbjørn
Format:	Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	2014
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:	Global change biology
Schlagworte:	Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Atlantic salmon North Atlantic freshwater conditions phenology sea surface temperature smolt emigration Chlorophyll 1406-65-1 mehr... Chlorophyll A YF5Q9EJC8Y

Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Migrations between different habitats are key events in the lives of many organisms. Such movements involve annually recurring travel over long distances usually triggered by seasonal changes in the environment. Often, the migration is associated with travel to or from reproduction areas to regions of growth. Young anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) emigrate from freshwater nursery areas during spring and early summer to feed and grow in the North Atlantic Ocean. The transition from the freshwater ('parr') stage to the migratory stage where they descend streams and enter salt water ('smolt') is characterized by morphological, physiological and behavioural changes where the timing of this parr-smolt transition is cued by photoperiod and water temperature. Environmental conditions in the freshwater habitat control the downstream migration and contribute to within- and among-river variation in migratory timing. Moreover, the timing of the freshwater emigration has likely evolved to meet environmental conditions in the ocean as these affect growth and survival of the post-smolts. Using generalized additive mixed-effects modelling, we analysed spatio-temporal variations in the dates of downstream smolt migration in 67 rivers throughout the North Atlantic during the last five decades and found that migrations were earlier in populations in the east than the west. After accounting for this spatial effect, the initiation of the downstream migration among rivers was positively associated with freshwater temperatures, up to about 10 °C and levelling off at higher values, and with sea-surface temperatures. Earlier migration occurred when river discharge levels were low but increasing. On average, the initiation of the smolt seaward migration has occurred 2.5 days earlier per decade throughout the basin of the North Atlantic. This shift in phenology matches changes in air, river, and ocean temperatures, suggesting that Atlantic salmon emigration is responding to the current global climate changes
Beschreibung:	Date Completed 21.08.2014 Date Revised 02.12.2018 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status MEDLINE
ISSN:	1365-2486
DOI:	10.1111/gcb.12363