Direct visualization of "coagulative nucleation" in surfactant-free emulsion polymerization
It is generally believed that surfactant-free emulsion polymerization involves four steps: initiation, nucleation into primary particles, coagulation into secondary particles, and growth. By high resolution SEM-imaging of the intermediate polymerization products, the evolution of the morphology of t...
| Veröffentlicht in: | Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids. - 1999. - 29(2013), 37 vom: 17. Sept., Seite 11724-9 |
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| Format: | Online-Aufsatz |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2013
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| Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk: | Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids |
| Schlagworte: | Journal Article |
| Zusammenfassung: | It is generally believed that surfactant-free emulsion polymerization involves four steps: initiation, nucleation into primary particles, coagulation into secondary particles, and growth. By high resolution SEM-imaging of the intermediate polymerization products, the evolution of the morphology of the polymer particles has been followed. This allowed us, to our best knowledge for the first time, to visualize "coagulative nucleation", which is the process where the primary nanoparticles aggregate into larger entities. The obtained visual information and data on particle size, number, and zeta potential, strongly suggest that coagulative termination is responsible for the coagulative nucleation phenomenon, resulting in a dispersion of fine, relatively uniform polymer particles |
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| Beschreibung: | Date Completed 04.04.2014 Date Revised 17.09.2013 published: Print-Electronic Citation Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1520-5827 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/la4027927 |