Regulation of nitrate assimilation in cyanobacteria

Nitrate assimilation by cyanobacteria is inhibited by the presence of ammonium in the growth medium. Both nitrate uptake and transcription of the nitrate assimilatory genes are regulated. The major intracellular signal for the regulation is, however, not ammonium or glutamine, but 2-oxoglutarate (2-...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of experimental botany. - 1985. - 62(2011), 4 vom: 08. Feb., Seite 1411-24
1. Verfasser: Ohashi, Yoshitake (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser: Shi, Wei, Takatani, Nobuyuki, Aichi, Makiko, Maeda, Shin-ichi, Watanabe, Satoru, Yoshikawa, Hirofumi, Omata, Tatsuo
Format: Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: 2011
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:Journal of experimental botany
Schlagworte:Journal Article Review Anion Transport Proteins Bacterial Proteins Ketoglutaric Acids Nitrate Transporters Nitrates Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Transcription Factors
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520 |a Nitrate assimilation by cyanobacteria is inhibited by the presence of ammonium in the growth medium. Both nitrate uptake and transcription of the nitrate assimilatory genes are regulated. The major intracellular signal for the regulation is, however, not ammonium or glutamine, but 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), whose concentration changes according to the change in cellular C/N balance. When nitrogen is limiting growth, accumulation of 2-OG activates the transcription factor NtcA to induce transcription of the nitrate assimilation genes. Ammonium inhibits transcription by quickly depleting the 2-OG pool through its metabolism via the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase cycle. The P(II) protein inhibits the ABC-type nitrate transporter, and also nitrate reductase in some strains, by an unknown mechanism(s) when the cellular 2-OG level is low. Upon nitrogen limitation, 2-OG binds to P(II) to prevent the protein from inhibiting nitrate assimilation. A pathway-specific transcriptional regulator NtcB activates the nitrate assimilation genes in response to nitrite, either added to the medium or generated intracellularly by nitrate reduction. It plays an important role in selective activation of the nitrate assimilation pathway during growth under a limited supply of nitrate. P(II) was recently shown to regulate the activity of NtcA negatively by binding to PipX, a small coactivator protein of NtcA. On the basis of accumulating genome information from a variety of cyanobacteria and the molecular genetic data obtained from the representative strains, common features and group- or species-specific characteristics of the response of cyanobacteria to nitrogen is summarized and discussed in terms of ecophysiological significance 
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650 7 |a Bacterial Proteins  |2 NLM 
650 7 |a Ketoglutaric Acids  |2 NLM 
650 7 |a Nitrate Transporters  |2 NLM 
650 7 |a Nitrates  |2 NLM 
650 7 |a Quaternary Ammonium Compounds  |2 NLM 
650 7 |a Transcription Factors  |2 NLM 
700 1 |a Shi, Wei  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Takatani, Nobuyuki  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Aichi, Makiko  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Maeda, Shin-ichi  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Watanabe, Satoru  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Yoshikawa, Hirofumi  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Omata, Tatsuo  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
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