Phylogenetic implications of phasmid absence in males of three genera in heteroderinae

Absence of the phasmid was demonstrated with the transmission electron microscope in immature third-stage (M3) and fourth-stage (M4) males and mature fifth-stage males (M5) of Heterodera schachtii, M3 and M4 of Verutus volvingentis, and M5 of Cactodera eremica. This absence was supported by the lack...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of nematology. - 1969. - 22(1990), 3 vom: 16. Juli, Seite 386-94
1. Verfasser: Carta, L K (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser: Baldwin, J G
Format: Aufsatz
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: 1990
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:Journal of nematology
Schlagworte:Journal Article Cactodera eremica Heterodera schachtii Heteroderinae Verutus volvingentis ampulla anaphimixis cell death parallel evolution parthenogenesis mehr... phasmid phylogeny ultrastructure
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245 1 0 |a Phylogenetic implications of phasmid absence in males of three genera in heteroderinae 
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520 |a Absence of the phasmid was demonstrated with the transmission electron microscope in immature third-stage (M3) and fourth-stage (M4) males and mature fifth-stage males (M5) of Heterodera schachtii, M3 and M4 of Verutus volvingentis, and M5 of Cactodera eremica. This absence was supported by the lack of phasmid staining with Coomassie blue and cobalt sulfide. All phasmid structures, except the canal and ampulla, were absent in the postpenetration second-stage juvenile (J2) of H. schachtii. The prepenetration V. volvingentis J2 differs from H. schachtii by having only a canal remnant and no ampulla. This and parsimonious evidence suggest that these two types of phasmids probably evolved in parallel, although ampulla and receptor cavity shape are similar. Absence of the male phasmid throughout development might be associated with an amphimictic mode of reproduction. Phasmid function is discussed, and female pheromone reception ruled out. Variations in ampulla shape are evaluated as phylogenetic character states within the Heteroderinae and putative phylogenetic outgroup Hoplolaimidae 
650 4 |a Journal Article 
650 4 |a Cactodera eremica 
650 4 |a Heterodera schachtii 
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650 4 |a anaphimixis 
650 4 |a cell death 
650 4 |a parallel evolution 
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650 4 |a phasmid 
650 4 |a phylogeny 
650 4 |a ultrastructure 
700 1 |a Baldwin, J G  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
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