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231223s2008 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c |
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|a 10.2166/wst.2008.319
|2 doi
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|a pubmed24n0602.xml
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|a (DE-627)NLM180527584
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|a (NLM)18587174
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|a DE-627
|b ger
|c DE-627
|e rakwb
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|a eng
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|a Langergraber, Guenter
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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|a A two-stage subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland for high-rate nitrogen removal
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|c 2008
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|a Text
|b txt
|2 rdacontent
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|a ƒaComputermedien
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|2 rdamedia
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|a ƒa Online-Ressource
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|2 rdacarrier
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|a Date Completed 26.11.2008
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|a Date Revised 21.11.2013
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|a published: Print
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|a Citation Status MEDLINE
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|a IWA Publishing 2008.
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|a By using a two-stage constructed wetland (CW) system operated with an organic load of 40 gCOD.m(-2).d(-1) (2 m2 per person equivalent) average nitrogen removal efficiencies of about 50% and average nitrogen elimination rates of 980 g N.m(-2).yr(-1) could be achieved. Two vertical flow beds with intermittent loading have been operated in series. The first stage uses sand with a grain size of 2-3.2 mm for the main layer and has a drainage layer that is impounded; the second stage sand with a grain size of 0.06-4 mm and a drainage layer with free drainage. The high nitrogen removal can be achieved without recirculation thus it is possible to operate the two-stage CW system without energy input. The paper shows performance data for the two-stage CW system regarding removal of organic matter and nitrogen for the two year operating period of the system. Additionally, its efficiency is compared with the efficiency of a single-stage vertical flow CW system designed and operated according to the Austrian design standards with 4 m2 per person equivalent. The comparison shows that a higher effluent quality could be reached with the two-stage system although the two-stage CW system is operated with the double organic load or half the specific surface area requirement, respectively. Another advantage is that the specific investment costs of the two-stage CW system amount to 1,200 EUR per person (without mechanical pre-treatment) and are only about 60% of the specific investment costs of the singe-stage CW system
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|a Journal Article
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|a Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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|a Nitrogen
|2 NLM
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|a N762921K75
|2 NLM
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|a Leroch, Klaus
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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|a Pressl, Alexander
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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|a Rohrhofer, Roland
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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|a Haberl, Raimund
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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| 773 |
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|i Enthalten in
|t Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|d 1986
|g 57(2008), 12 vom: 29., Seite 1881-7
|w (DE-627)NLM098149431
|x 0273-1223
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| 773 |
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|g volume:57
|g year:2008
|g number:12
|g day:29
|g pages:1881-7
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|u http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.319
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