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|a eng
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|a Armengol, Josep M.
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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|a Race Relations in Black and White: Visual Impairment as a Racialized and Gendered Metaphor in Ralph Ellison's "Invisible Man" and Herman Melville's "Benito Cereno"
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|c 2017
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|a Text
|b txt
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|a While scholarship has increasingly acknowledged Ralph Ellison's indebtedness to Herman Melville, whose novella "Benito Cereno" (1855) was used as an epigraph to Invisible Man (1952), fewer scholars have discussed their common literary foci on blindness as a racial and gendered visual metaphor. Borrowing from the latest scholarship on whiteness and/as racial dominance, this article revisits "Benito Cereno" to show how Captain Delano's lack of belief in the possibility of a slave insurrection throughout the novella is itself an effect of racism, stemming mostly from the taken-for-granted-ness of white superiority, which Melville shows as distorting the whites' perceptions of blacks. In so doing, I will also explore Ellison's reworking of Melville's racial imagery in Invisible Man, which seems to extend the blindness metaphor to both black and white characters, re-presenting cross-racial blindness as reciprocal rather than unidirectional. As part of this argument, the article posits the inseparability of gender and race, suggesting that Ellison's depiction of white racism may be traced back to the (antebellum) definition of American manhood as free and nonenslaved, which Melville's novella both illustrates and undermines. I thus conclude that Ellison's and Melville's works skilfully anatomize, and critique, the discourses on whiteness and/as masculinity of their respective historical moments, highlighting their interdependence, but also their internal contradictions, which the black characters end up using to their own advantage. Si bien la crítica ha reconocido progresivamente la deuda de Ralph Ellison para con Herman Melville, cuya novela corta "Benito Cereno" (1855) fue usada como epígrafe a El hombre invisible (1952), menos estudiosos han analizado su interés común en la ceguera como metáfora visual marcada por la raza y el género. Usando la crítica más reciente sobre la raza blanca y/como dominación racial, este artículo revisa pues "Benito Cereno" para demostrar cómo la incredulidad del Capitán Delano ante la posibilidad de una insurrección de esclavos a lo largo de la novela es de hecho un efecto del racismo, derivado de su asunción de superioridad racial, que distorsiona las percepciones que los blancos tienen de los negros. En este sentido, se explora igualmente la reformulación de las imágenes raciales de Melville en El hombre invisible, que parece ampliar la metáfora de la ceguera a personajes blancos y negros indistintamente, re-presentando la ceguera interracial como recíproca antes que unidireccional. Como parte de este argumento, el artículo defiende la inseparabilidad de la raza y el género, mostrando cómo la representación del racismo blanco por parte de Ellison se remonta a la definición de la masculinidad estadounidense (anterior a la Guerra Civil) como libre y no esclavizada, que la novela de Melville ilustra a la vez que critica. Se concluye pues que tanto Melville como Ellison diseccionan hábilmente, y critican, los discursos alrededor de la raza blanca y/como masculinidad de sus momentos históricos respectivos, subrayando su interrelación pero también sus contradicciones internas, que los personajes negros acaban usando en beneficio propio.
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|a © Asociación Española de Estudios Anglo-Norteamericanos (AEDEAN)
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|a Behavioral sciences
|x Anthropology
|x Ethnology
|x Ethnic groups
|x White people
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| 650 |
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|a Social sciences
|x Gender studies
|x Gender identity
|x Masculinity
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Behavioral sciences
|x Sociology
|x Social organization
|x Slavery
|x Slaves
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| 650 |
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|a Philosophy
|x Applied philosophy
|x Social philosophy
|x Social criticism
|x Critical theory
|x Critical race theory
|x Whiteness studies
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| 650 |
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|a Behavioral sciences
|x Psychology
|x Personality psychology
|x Psychological attitudes
|x Prejudices
|x Racism
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Behavioral sciences
|x Sociology
|x Human societies
|x Social dynamics
|x Race relations
|x Black white relations
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Behavioral sciences
|x Anthropology
|x Ethnology
|x Ethnic groups
|x American minorities
|x African Americans
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Health sciences
|x Medical conditions
|x Disabilities
|x Physical disabilities
|x Vision impairment
|x Blindness
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| 650 |
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|a Social sciences
|x Population studies
|x Human populations
|x Persons
|x Men
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| 650 |
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|a Arts
|x Literature
|x Literary genres
|x Fiction
|x Novels
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| 655 |
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|a research-article
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|i Enthalten in
|t Atlantis
|d The Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies (AEDEAN)
|g 39(2017), 2, Seite 29-46
|w (DE-627)47946605X
|w (DE-600)2176939-4
|x 02106124
|7 nnns
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|g volume:39
|g year:2017
|g number:2
|g pages:29-46
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|u https://www.jstor.org/stable/26426328
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|d 39
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