| Zusammenfassung: | This article seeks to dismantle the prevalent claim that Nyerere's Ujamaa policy and Nkrumah's philosophy of Consciencism were of a similar ideological ilk. Often, the two are treated homogeneously within the discourse on African Socialism, and frequently the classic objection is raised that they rely too heavily upon Marxism in seeking to articulate their respective ideologies. By building on the existing literature on scientific socialism, this article seeks to draw a distinction between Marxism as an ideology and Marxism as a methodology. Critics consistently overlook this distinction and fail to consider many of the nuances of Nkrumah's thinking, hastily labelling him as a disciple of African Socialism. By unravelling Nkrumah's political philosophy important differences between him and Nyerere quickly become apparent, in particular the manner in which Consciencism was a dynamic, responsive and evolutionary philosophy, whereas Ujamaa was static, impervious to change and firmly rooted in the past.
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