Contested Grounds: An Environmental History of the 1777 Philadelphia Campaign

In the third year of the American Revolution, war moved into the Delaware River Valley and wreaked havoc. Throughout the series of battles for the American capital of Philadelphia, both the Continental Army and British forces had to contend with multiple environmental factors. The need for food and...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Pennsylvania History. - Pennsylvania State University Press, 1934. - 85(2018), 1, Seite 32-57
1. Verfasser:	McGready, Blake (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	2018
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:	Pennsylvania History
Schlagworte:	Environmental history American Revolution military history Pennsylvania Delaware Valley Battle of Brandywine Battle of the Clouds Political science Environmental studies Biological sciences Physical sciences


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520			\|a In the third year of the American Revolution, war moved into the Delaware River Valley and wreaked havoc. Throughout the series of battles for the American capital of Philadelphia, both the Continental Army and British forces had to contend with multiple environmental factors. The need for food and supplies dominated the armies' military strategies. Daily atmospheric conditions and fluctuating temperatures bred deadly diseases. Soldiers manipulated landscapes and waterways for their survival needs. Weather sometimes determined the outcomes of major battles. In their writings, Continental and British soldiers consistently reflected on these environmental conditions and used them to justify their battlefield performance. During the Philadelphia Campaign, neither army effectively harnessed nature to its advantage or overcame nature's challenges. Yet soldiers had a deep understanding that the success of their endeavor was directly related to environmental circumstances that they seldom could control.
540			\|a Copyright © 2018 The Pennsylvania Historical Association
650		4	\|a Environmental history
650		4	\|a American Revolution
650		4	\|a military history
650		4	\|a Pennsylvania
650		4	\|a Delaware Valley
650		4	\|a Battle of Brandywine
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650		4	\|a Environmental studies \|x Environmental sciences \|x Nature
650		4	\|a Political science \|x Military science \|x Armed forces \|x Military personnel \|x Soldiers
650		4	\|a Political science \|x Military science \|x Armed forces \|x Armies
650		4	\|a Environmental studies \|x Atmospheric sciences \|x Meteorology \|x Hydrometeorology \|x Precipitation \|x Rain
650		4	\|a Environmental studies \|x Atmospheric sciences \|x Meteorology \|x Atmospheric chemistry \|x Atmospheric composition \|x Atmospheric moisture \|x Fog
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Agriculture \|x Sustainable agriculture
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650		4	\|a Political science \|x Military science \|x Command and control \|x Military strategy
650		4	\|a Environmental studies \|x Environmental social sciences \|x Environmental history
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geography \|x Geomorphology \|x Landforms \|x Hills
650		4	\|a Environmental studies \|x Environmental sciences \|x Nature
655		4	\|a research-article
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