Long-distance dispersal of the coconut palm by migration within the coral atoll ecosystem

• Background The location of the original home of the coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, and the extent of its natural dispersal are not known. Proponents of a South American origin must explain why it is not indigenous there and why it shows greatest diversity in southern Asia. Conversely, proponents of...

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Annals of Botany. - Oxford University Press. - 113(2014), 4, Seite 565-570
1. Verfasser:	Harries, Hugh C. (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser:	Clement, Charles R.
Format:	Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	2014
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:	Annals of Botany
Schlagworte:	Biological sciences Physical sciences


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100	1		\|a Harries, Hugh C. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Long-distance dispersal of the coconut palm by migration within the coral atoll ecosystem
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520			\|a • Background The location of the original home of the coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, and the extent of its natural dispersal are not known. Proponents of a South American origin must explain why it is not indigenous there and why it shows greatest diversity in southern Asia. Conversely, proponents of an Asian origin must explain why there are no Asian Cocoseae and why the closest botanical relative to Cocos is in South America. Both hypotheses share the common problems of how, when, where and in what directions long-distance dispersal occurred. • Hypothesis These difficulties are resolved by accepting that C. nucifera originated and dispersed by populating emerging islands of the coral atoll ecosystem, where establishment conditions impose high selection pressures for survival. When lifted by wave action onto virtually sterile, soilless coralline rocks just above sea level and exposed to the full impact of the sun, seednuts must germinate, root and establish vigorous populations. The cavity within the nut augments the buoyancy provided by the thick husk, which in turn protects the embryo and, by delaying germination, simultaneously extends viability while floating and provides a moisture-retentive rooting medium for the young seedling. These adaptations allow coconuts to disperse widely through the coral atoll ecosystem. • Conclusions The monthly production of fruit and the long floating duration ensure that viable seednuts are always available in the lagoon to replace those destroyed by hurricanes and tsunamis, or to populate newly emerged coral atolls elsewhere. Long-distance dispersal is secondary, because it was the spontaneous, independent migration of coral polyps on a prolonged geological time scale that generated new coral atolls in new areas where the coconuts would be amongst the earliest inhabitants. The coconut palm became an intermittent, itinerant, pioneer endemic there, and also on suitable beaches on volcanic or large islands and continental coastlines.
540			\|a © Annals of Botany Company 2014
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Agriculture \|x Agricultural sciences \|x Agronomy \|x Crops \|x Field crops \|x Seed crops \|x Coconuts
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geography \|x Geomorphology \|x Landforms \|x Islands \|x Atolls
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Ecology \|x Ecosystems \|x Aquatic ecosystems \|x Marine ecosystems
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Biology \|x Botany \|x Dendrology \|x Trees \|x Palm trees
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Agriculture \|x Agricultural sciences \|x Horticulture \|x Seed science \|x Seed dispersal
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Biology \|x Zoology \|x Animals \|x Invertebrates \|x Aquatic invertebrates \|x Corals
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Biology \|x Developmental biology \|x Growth and development \|x Biological development \|x Plant development \|x Plant reproduction \|x Fruits
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geography \|x Geomorphology \|x Bodies of water \|x Lagoons \|x Atoll lagoons
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Biology \|x Developmental biology \|x Growth and development \|x Biological development \|x Plant development \|x Plant reproduction \|x Germination \|x Seed germination
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geography \|x Geomorphology \|x Landforms \|x Coastal landforms \|x Coasts \|x VIEWPOINT
655		4	\|a research-article
700	1		\|a Clement, Charles R. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
773	0	8	\|i Enthalten in \|t Annals of Botany \|d Oxford University Press \|g 113(2014), 4, Seite 565-570 \|w (DE-627)254231020 \|w (DE-600)1461328-1 \|x 10958290 \|7 nnas
773	1	8	\|g volume:113 \|g year:2014 \|g number:4 \|g pages:565-570
856	4	0	\|u https://www.jstor.org/stable/43579941 \|3 Volltext
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