A Question of Loyalty: German Churches in Reading During the First World War

In Reading, churches formed during the colonial period gradually transitioned to using the English language in worship services, while new congregations were established to serve the religious needs of the newer German immigrants. St. John's German Lutheran Church, St. Paul's United Evange...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Pennsylvania History. - Pennsylvania State University Press, 1934. - 84(2017), 3, Seite 325-353
1. Verfasser:	Guenther, Karen (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	2017
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:	Pennsylvania History
Schlagworte:	Religion German Americans Reading the First World War Political science Arts Behavioral sciences Social sciences


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520			\|a In Reading, churches formed during the colonial period gradually transitioned to using the English language in worship services, while new congregations were established to serve the religious needs of the newer German immigrants. St. John's German Lutheran Church, St. Paul's United Evangelical Church, and Zion's German Reformed Church all held German language services when the First World War began, but by the end of the war, the use of the German language in worship services and parochial education led to questions about patriotism. At the same time, institutions with German names came under attack, and prominent industrialists who were German immigrants and members of these congregations were suspected of disloyalty. This article explores the impact of the First World War on Reading's German churches and their members, particularly examining questions of patriotism and military service.
540			\|a Copyright © 2017 The Pennsylvania Historical Association
650		4	\|a Religion
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650		4	\|a Arts \|x Applied arts \|x Architecture \|x Buildings \|x Institutional buildings \|x Religious buildings
650		4	\|a Behavioral sciences \|x Sociology \|x Applied sociology \|x Sociology of religion \|x Church congregations
650		4	\|a Religion \|x Theology \|x Practical theology \|x Religious practices \|x Religious rituals \|x Worship services
650		4	\|a Religion \|x Spiritual belief systems \|x Christianity \|x Protestantism \|x Lutheranism
650		4	\|a Religion \|x Theology \|x Practical theology \|x Spiritual leaders \|x Clergy \|x Pastors
650		4	\|a Political science \|x Military science \|x Armed forces \|x Military personnel \|x Soldiers
650		4	\|a Political science \|x Military science \|x Armed conflict \|x War \|x War theaters \|x World wars
650		4	\|a Social sciences \|x Communications \|x Communication skills \|x Language skills \|x Reading
650		4	\|a Political science \|x Military science \|x Armed forces \|x Armies
655		4	\|a research-article
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