| Zusammenfassung: | Following several studies of anomuran (galatheoid) and brachyuran decapod crustaceans during recent years, we here present the first account of hermit crab carapaces and/or shields (Paguroidea) that are contained in the extensive Ernstbrunn Limestone collections at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Vienna, Austria). These comparatively small-sized specimens are assignable to the families Annuntidiogenidae, Diogenidae, Gastrodoridae, Paguridae, Parapylochelidae, Pilgrimchelidae, Pylochelidae and Schobertellidae.With at least 18 species, in eight families, the Tithonian (Late Jurassic) paguroid fauna from Ernstbrunn is by far the most diverse extinct assemblage recorded to date. For the first time, Jurassic representatives of the family Paguridae are described on the basis of carapaces. Most of the material available was collected or obtained and recognised as paguroid in nature by one of us (FB) in the 1940s to 1960s. Unfortunately, the opportunity to describe these formally never presented itself to FB, despite the fact that typescripts on numerous new species were ready to be published. The majority of specimens, photographs and typescripts, recently rediscovered, form the basis of the present study. Species recorded here, in alphabetical order, are: Ammopylocheles mclaughlinae, Annuntidiogenes elongatus nov. spec., An. hoelderi nov. spec., Bachmayerus gasparici nov. spec., B. matushyznyi nov. spec., Cretatrizocheles doerflesensis nov. spec., Eopaguropsis grandis nov. spec., E. schindewolfi nov. spec., Gastrodorus spp., Masticacheles minimus, Mesoparapylocheles strouhali nov. spec.,M. zapfei nov. spec., Munitheites kuepperi nov. spec., Pilgrimcheles vonmeyeri, Pretrizocheles cocullo nov. gen., nov. spec., Protopagurus janoscheki nov. gen., nov. spec., Tithopaguristes porosus nov. gen., nov. spec. and Ululapagurus oroszyi nov. spec. A novel key to marine paguroid families, based on carapace morphology, is added.
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