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|a (JST)26571621
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|a DE-627
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|e rakwb
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|a eng
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|a Krause, Heike
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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|a Landscape and Fortification of Vienna after the Ottoman Siege of 1529
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|c 2018
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|a Text
|b txt
|2 rdacontent
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|a This contribution focuses on two issues: first, the land- and waterscape of Vienna in light of modernizations to its fortification; second, the challenges faced in fortifying the city during a period now known as the Little Ice Age. The Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1529 showed that new technology in warfare combined with certain topographic features represented a danger to the town. In reaction to the lasting Ottoman threat, Vienna was fortified with bastions, curtain walls, and a broad moat. The fortifications were surrounded by the glacis, which was cleared of buildings. The emperor’s military advisers and Italian fortress architects planned and created an artificial landscape oriented towards military needs. Rivers running through this area, such as the Wienfluss and the Ottakringer Bach, posed strategic problems and had to be dealt with. The Danube floodplain to the northeast of the city was an especially difficult environment to control. Solutions for the waterscape, but also for the hilly terrain in the west had to be found. The city’s Danube front was included in the fortifications. This construction took place during a severe phase of the Little Ice Age when heavy rainfall caused frequent inundation and ice jams. High water, unstable sediments, and the erosion of foundations forced planners and builders to find solutions adapted to this special environment. Highlighting these aspects of environment and war in sixteenth-century Vienna is the aim of the paper.
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|a Copyright © 2018 The Hungarian Historical Review
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|a Vienna
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|a landscape
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|a waterscape
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|a fortification
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|a bastionary system
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|a early modern period
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|a Ottoman wars
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|a Little Ice Age
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|a climate and history
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|a Applied sciences
|x Engineering
|x Military engineering
|x Military infrastructure
|x Military facilities
|x Military bases
|x Fortresses
|x Forts
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|a Political science
|x Military science
|x Armed conflict
|x War
|x Warfare
|x Conventional warfare
|x Ground warfare
|x Sieges
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|a Social sciences
|x Human geography
|x Political geography
|x Metropolitan areas
|x Suburbs
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| 650 |
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|a Applied sciences
|x Engineering
|x Military engineering
|x Military infrastructure
|x Military facilities
|x Military bases
|x Fortresses
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| 650 |
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|a Social sciences
|x Human geography
|x Political geography
|x Metropolitan areas
|x Towns
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| 650 |
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|a Arts
|x Applied arts
|x Decorative arts
|x Furniture
|x Home furnishings
|x Curtains
|x Curtain walls
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|a Political science
|x Military science
|x Military defense
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|a Political science
|x Government
|x Government officials
|x Heads of state
|x Monarchs
|x Emperors
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|a Physical sciences
|x Earth sciences
|x Geology
|x Glaciology
|x Glacial ages
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|a Physical sciences
|x Earth sciences
|x Hydrology
|x Floods
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|a research-article
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1 |
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|a Sonnlechner, Christoph
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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|i Enthalten in
|t The Hungarian Historical Review
|d Institute of History, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
|g 7(2018), 3, Seite 451-476
|w (DE-627)741171279
|w (DE-600)2710686-X
|x 20639961
|7 nnns
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|g volume:7
|g year:2018
|g number:3
|g pages:451-476
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|u https://www.jstor.org/stable/26571621
|3 Volltext
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|d 7
|j 2018
|e 3
|h 451-476
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