To converge or not to converge in environmental space: testing for similar environments between analogous succulent plants of North America and Africa

To converge or not to converge in environmental space: testing for similar environments between analogous succulent plants of North America and Africa

• Background and Aims Convergent evolution is invoked to explain similarity between unrelated organisms in similar environments, but most evaluations of convergence analyse similarity of organismal attributes rather than of the environment. This study focuses on the globular succulent plants of the...

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Veröffentlicht in:Annals of Botany. - Oxford University Press. - 111(2013), 6, Seite 1125-1138
1. Verfasser: Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O. (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser: Martínez-Meyer, Enrique, Feria, Teresa P., Eguiarte, Luis E., Hernández, Héctor M., Midgley, Guy, Olson, Mark E.
Format: Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: 2013
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:Annals of Botany
Schlagworte:Biological sciences Physical sciences Applied sciences Environmental studies
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100 1 |a Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
245 1 3 |a To converge or not to converge in environmental space: testing for similar environments between analogous succulent plants of North America and Africa 
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520 |a • Background and Aims Convergent evolution is invoked to explain similarity between unrelated organisms in similar environments, but most evaluations of convergence analyse similarity of organismal attributes rather than of the environment. This study focuses on the globular succulent plants of the Americas, the cacti, and their counterparts in Africa in the ice-plant, spurge and milkweed families. Though often held up as paragons of convergent morphological evolution, the environmental similarity of these plants has remained largely unexamined from a quantitative perspective. • Methods Five hotspots (centres of high species diversity of globular succulents) were selected, two in Mexico and three in South Africa. Their environments were compared using niche modelling tools, randomization tests of niche similarity and multivariate analyses to test for environmental similarity. • Key Results Although the sites selected have 'similar' but unrelated life forms, almost all our results highlighted more climate differences than similarities between the hotspots. Interprediction of niches within and between continents, a niche equivalence test, and MANOVA results showed significant differences. In contrast, a niche similarity test showed that the comparisons of Cuatrociénegas-Richters veld, Huizache-Knersvlakte and Huizache-Richters veld were similar. • Conclusions Differences in rainfall and temperature regimes and the potential effect of edaphic factors may be involved in the differences between the hotspots. In addition, differences in structure, morphology and physiology of the globular succulents may coincide with some of the climatic dissimilarities; i.e. given convergence as the evolution of similar morphologies under similar conditions, then it may be that differing environments diagnose inconspicuous morphological differences. Moreover, although fine-scale differences between sites were found, a coarser perspective shows that these sites are clearly similar as drylands with relatively moderate drought and mild temperatures, illustrating how all studies of convergence must address the issue of how similar two entities must be before they are considered convergent. 
540 |a © Annals of Botany Company 2013 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Botany  |x Plants  |x Succulent plants 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Evolutionary biology  |x Evolution  |x Convergent evolution 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Botany  |x Plants  |x Succulent plants  |x Cactus 
650 4 |a Physical sciences  |x Earth sciences  |x Geography  |x Geomorphology  |x Landforms  |x Deserts 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Botany  |x Plants 
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650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Biological taxonomies  |x Species 
650 4 |a Environmental studies  |x Atmospheric sciences  |x Climatology  |x Climate models 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Ecology  |x Plant ecology 
650 4 |a Environmental studies  |x Atmospheric sciences  |x Climatology  |x Climate models  |x Global climate models 
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700 1 |a Martínez-Meyer, Enrique  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Feria, Teresa P.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Eguiarte, Luis E.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Hernández, Héctor M.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Midgley, Guy  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Olson, Mark E.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
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773 1 8 |g volume:111  |g year:2013  |g number:6  |g pages:1125-1138 
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