Ecotones as Indicators of Changing Environmental Conditions: Rapid Migration of Salt Marsh—Upland Boundaries

Ecotones, the narrow transition zones between extensive ecological systems, may serve as sensitive indicators of climate change because they harbor species that are often near the limit of their physical and competitive tolerances. We investigated the ecotone between salt marsh and adjacent upland a...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Estuaries and Coasts. - Spring Science + Business Media. - 36(2013), 3, Seite 654-664
1. Verfasser:	Wasson, Kerstin (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser:	Woolfolk, Andrea, Fresquez, Carla
Format:	Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	2013
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:	Estuaries and Coasts
Schlagworte:	Biological sciences Physical sciences Environmental studies


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100	1		\|a Wasson, Kerstin \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Ecotones as Indicators of Changing Environmental Conditions: Rapid Migration of Salt Marsh—Upland Boundaries
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520			\|a Ecotones, the narrow transition zones between extensive ecological systems, may serve as sensitive indicators of climate change because they harbor species that are often near the limit of their physical and competitive tolerances. We investigated the ecotone between salt marsh and adjacent upland at Elkhorn Slough, an estuary in California, USA. Over a period of 10 years, we monitored movement of the ecotone—upland boundary, plant community structure, and physical factors likely to drive ecotone response. At three undiked sites, the ecotone boundary migrated about 1 m landward, representing a substantial shift for a transition zone that is only a few meters wide. Analysis of potential correlates of this upward migration suggests that it was driven by increased tidal inundation. Mean sea level did not increase during our study, but inundation at high elevations did. While the ecotone boundary responded dynamically to interannual changes in inundation at these undiked sites, the plant community structure of the ecotone remained stable. At two diked sites, we observed contrasting patterns. At one site, the ecotone boundary migrated seaward, while at the other, it showed no consistent trend. Diking appears to eliminate natural sensitivity of the ecotone boundary to interannual variation in oceanic and atmospheric drivers, with local factors (management of water control structures) outweighing regional ones. Our study shows that the marsh—upland ecotone migrated rapidly in response to environmental change while maintaining stable plant community structure. Such resilience, stability, and rapid response time suggest that the marsh—upland ecotone can serve as a sensitive indicator of climate change.
540			\|a © 2013 Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Ecology \|x Ecosystems \|x Biomes \|x Ecotones
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geography \|x Land \|x Rangelands \|x Wetlands \|x Marshes
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geography \|x Geomorphology \|x Bodies of water \|x Estuaries
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geography \|x Land \|x Rangelands \|x Wetlands \|x Marshes \|x Salt marshes
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Biology \|x Botany \|x Plants
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geography \|x Geomorphology \|x Topography \|x Highlands
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Biology \|x Biological taxonomies \|x Species
650		4	\|a Environmental studies \|x Environmental sciences \|x Climate change
650		4	\|a Biological sciences \|x Ecology \|x Population ecology \|x Synecology \|x Biocenosis \|x Plant communities
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geology \|x Geologic processes \|x Sea level rise
655		4	\|a research-article
700	1		\|a Woolfolk, Andrea \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Fresquez, Carla \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
773	0	8	\|i Enthalten in \|t Estuaries and Coasts \|d Spring Science + Business Media \|g 36(2013), 3, Seite 654-664 \|w (DE-627)51010830X \|w (DE-600)2229170-2 \|x 15592731 \|7 nnns
773	1	8	\|g volume:36 \|g year:2013 \|g number:3 \|g pages:654-664
856	4	0	\|u http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9601-8 \|3 Volltext
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952			\|d 36 \|j 2013 \|e 3 \|h 654-664