Deducing ballast water sources in ships arriving in New Zealand from southeastern Australia

ABSTRACT: The transfer of organisms in ballast water of commercial ships is a leading cause of biological invasions in coastal ecosystems. Ships arriving in New Zealand are now required to treat their ballast water to reduce the risk of transferring invasive aquatic organisms between ports. Most of...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Marine Ecology Progress Series. - Inter-Research, 1979. - 390(2009) vom: Sept., Seite 39-53
1. Verfasser:	Murphy, Kathleen R. (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser:	Boehme, Jennifer R., Noble, Monaca, Smith, George, Ruiz, Gregory M.
Format:	Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	2009
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:	Marine Ecology Progress Series
Schlagworte:	Ballast water exchange Tracers Fluorescence Trace elements Shipping Verification Aquatic invasive species Applied sciences Physical sciences Business


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100	1		\|a Murphy, Kathleen R. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Deducing ballast water sources in ships arriving in New Zealand from southeastern Australia
264		1	\|c 2009
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520			\|a ABSTRACT: The transfer of organisms in ballast water of commercial ships is a leading cause of biological invasions in coastal ecosystems. Ships arriving in New Zealand are now required to treat their ballast water to reduce the risk of transferring invasive aquatic organisms between ports. Most of these ships conduct mid-ocean ballast water exchange (BWE), replacing coastal water with open ocean water, but methods to verify BWE have been lacking. Samples were collected from ballast tanks and the ambient ocean on ships trading between southeastern Australia and New Zealand, to test the use of chemical (chromophoric dissolved organic matter or CDOM, Ba, Mn and P) concentrations to discriminate ballast water sources. Australian ballast water provides a difficult and valuable test case for BWE verification due to its high salinity and low chemical tracer concentrations resulting from Australia’s low rainfall and nutrient-poor soils. Our results indicate that elevated CDOM, Ba and Mn were robust tracers of port waters, whereas elevated P was not a diagnostic tracer except of ballast water originating from Port Phillip Bay. Exchanged ballast tanks were diagnosed by CDOM fluorescence below 2.1 (for wavelength pair C2, Ex/Em = 320/414 nm) and 1.2 (for wavelength pair C3, Ex/Em = 370/494 nm) (quinine sulfate equivalents, QSE), and Ba and Mn concentrations below 5.7 and 3.5 μg l–1respectively. These results are consistent with recent studies in the northern hemisphere, indicating that elevated concentrations of these tracers are robust indicators of unexchanged ballast water. Whereas clear differences existed between port and oceanic signatures, coastal and oceanic samples could not always be distinguished due to precipitously declining tracer concentrations within short distances from land.
540			\|a © Inter-Research 2009
650		4	\|a Ballast water exchange
650		4	\|a Tracers
650		4	\|a Fluorescence
650		4	\|a Trace elements
650		4	\|a Shipping
650		4	\|a Verification
650		4	\|a Aquatic invasive species
650		4	\|a Applied sciences \|x Engineering \|x Transportation \|x Vehicles \|x Vehicle components \|x Suspension systems \|x Ships ballast \|x Ballast water
650		4	\|a Applied sciences \|x Engineering \|x Transportation \|x Vehicles \|x Vehicle components \|x Suspension systems \|x Ballast tanks
650		4	\|a Applied sciences \|x Engineering \|x Civil engineering \|x Marine engineering \|x Marine structures \|x Harbors \|x Ports
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Hydrology \|x Water \|x Saltwater \|x Sea water
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Geography \|x Geomorphology \|x Bodies of water \|x Oceans
650		4	\|a Business \|x Industry \|x Industrial sectors \|x Service industries \|x Transportation industries \|x Travel industry \|x Tourism \|x Cruises
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Earth sciences \|x Hydrology \|x Water \|x Nearshore water \|x Coastal water
650		4	\|a Applied sciences \|x Engineering \|x Transportation \|x Vehicles \|x Watercraft \|x Ships
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Chemistry \|x Chemical properties \|x Salinity
650		4	\|a Physical sciences \|x Physics \|x Fundamental forces \|x Electromagnetism \|x Electromagnetic radiation \|x Light \|x Luminescence \|x Fluorescence
655		4	\|a research-article
700	1		\|a Boehme, Jennifer R. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Noble, Monaca \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Smith, George \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Ruiz, Gregory M. \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
773	0	8	\|i Enthalten in \|t Marine Ecology Progress Series \|d Inter-Research, 1979 \|g 390(2009) vom: Sept., Seite 39-53 \|w (DE-627)320617998 \|w (DE-600)2022265-8 \|x 16161599 \|7 nnns
773	1	8	\|g volume:390 \|g year:2009 \|g month:09 \|g pages:39-53
856	4	0	\|u https://www.jstor.org/stable/24873627 \|3 Volltext
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