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180604s2015 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c |
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|a (DE-627)JST112140130
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|a (JST)24364191
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|a eng
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|a Bai, Yi
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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|a A geometric morphometric study of the wing shapes of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from the Qinling Mountains and adjacent regions: An environmental and distance-based consideration
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|c 2015
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|a Text
|b txt
|2 rdacontent
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|a Computermedien
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|a Butterflies possess attributes that are sensitive to gradual environmental changes. Recently, the effects of environmental factors on the shapes of organisms, as well as the interactions of these elements, have been extensively examined, i.e., effects of seasonal changes on the colors of butterfly wings, and effects of landscape structure on butterfly distribution and morphology. However, few studies have dealt with variations in butterfly shapes in response to varying environmental conditions. Here we aimed to determine how body size and shape variations in butterflies are correlated to environmental heterogeneity. We used geometric morphometrics to quantify Pieris rapae wing shape variations. Results showed that forewing and hind wing sizes were significantly different among the 15 populations. P. rapae individuals with larger wing sizes were mainly distributed in mountainous areas, whereas those with smaller-sized wings were found on the plains. Canonical variate analysis was employed to examine the patterns of variation in wing shapes among and within the populations. Significant differences in shape were revealed in the forewings and the hind wings of P. rapae populations. All populations were divided into 2 groups on the first canonical variate axis (CV1), which followed the Qinling Mountains as an important boundary between the Palearctic and Oriental Realms in zoogeographical division of the world. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustered the 15 populations into 4 groups by forewing and hind wing shape in response to the 4 environment types in Qinling Mountains. We suggest that wing shapes of P.rapae are sensitive to environmental heterogeneity. The isolating effect of the Qinling Mountains on P. rapae population interactions was apparent. La mariposas poseen atributos que son sensibles a los cambios graduales del ambiente. Recientemente, se han examinado ampliamente los efectos de los factores ambientales sobre la forma del cuerpo de los organismos, así como sus interacciones con estos elementos, es decir, los efectos de los cambios estacionales sobre los colores de las alas de las mariposas y los efectos de la estructura del ambiente sobre la distribución y morfología de las mariposas. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han enfocado sobre las variaciones en la forma del cuerpo de las mariposas en respuesta a las diversas condiciones ambientales. Aquí nuestro propósito es determinar cómo las variaciones en el tamaño y la forma del cuerpo de las mariposas están correlacionadas a la heterogeneidad del medio ambiente. Utilizamos morfometría geométrica para cuantificar las variaciones de forma de la mariposa Pieris rapae. Los resultados mostraron que el tamaño de las alas anteriores y alas posteriores fueron significativamente diferentes entre las 15 poblaciones. Los individuos de Pieris rapae con alas grandes se distribuyen principalmente en las zonas montañosas, mientras que aquellas con alas de menor tamaño fueron encontradas en las llanuras. Se empleó el análisis de variación canónica para examinar el patrón de variaciones en el espacio total de la forma entre y dentro de las poblaciones. Diferencias significativas en la forma de las alas anteriores y las alas posteriores de P. rapae fueron observadas entre las poblaciones geográficas. Todas las poblaciones se dividieron en 2 grupos en el primer eje de variación canónica (CV1), que correspondió a la región Paleártica y la región Oriental, respectivamente. El método del grupo de pares no ponderados con el promedio aritmético (UPGMA) agrupó las 15 poblaciones en 4 grupos por la forma de las alas anteriores y posteriores, de acuerdo con las características de la regionalización física. Se encontró que las poblaciones de Pieris rapae son sensibles a la heterogeneidad del medio ambiente. Se reveló diferencias significativas en la forma y tamaño de las alas de P. rapae entre los diferentes ambientes naturales, y la variación fue consistente con la diversidad del medio ambiente natural. El efecto aislante de las Montañas Qinling sobre la interacción de la población de P. rapae fue claramente evidente.
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4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Biology
|x Zoology
|x Animals
|x Invertebrates
|x Arthropods
|x Insects
|x Butterflies
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Physical sciences
|x Earth sciences
|x Geography
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Applied sciences
|x Engineering
|x Transportation
|x Transportation engineering
|x Navigation
|x Navigational aids
|x Landmarks
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Mathematics
|x Pure mathematics
|x Geometry
|x Geometric shapes
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Social sciences
|x Human geography
|x Population geography
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Biology
|x Zoology
|x Animal anatomy
|x Animal morphology
|x Animal wings
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Social sciences
|x Population studies
|x Population characteristics
|x Population size
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Social sciences
|x Population studies
|x Demography
|x Population distributions
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Mathematics
|x Applied mathematics
|x Statistics
|x Applied statistics
|x Descriptive statistics
|x Central tendencies
|x Population mean
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Environmental studies
|x Environmental sciences
|x Climate change
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| 655 |
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4 |
|a research-article
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| 700 |
1 |
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|a Ma, Li Bin
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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| 700 |
1 |
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|a Xu, Sheng-Quan
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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| 700 |
1 |
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|a Wang, Gui-Hu
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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| 773 |
0 |
8 |
|i Enthalten in
|t The Florida Entomologist
|d Florida Entomological Society
|g 98(2015), 1, Seite 162-169
|w (DE-627)24758200X
|w (DE-600)1439588-5
|x 19385102
|7 nnns
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| 773 |
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|g volume:98
|g year:2015
|g number:1
|g pages:162-169
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|u https://www.jstor.org/stable/24364191
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|d 98
|j 2015
|e 1
|h 162-169
|