Reconstructing spatial vulnerability to forest loss by fire in pre-historic New Zealand

Reconstructing spatial vulnerability to forest loss by fire in pre-historic New Zealand

Aim: Despite small and transient populations, early Māori transformed large areas of New Zealand's forest landscapes. We sought to isolate the biophysical predictors that explain forest loss in the pre-historic (i.e. pre-European) period in New Zealand. Location: New Zealand. Methods: We used r...

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Global Ecology and Biogeography. - John Wiley & Sons Ltd. - 21(2012), 9/10, Seite 1029-1041
1. Verfasser: Perry, George L. W. (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser: Wilmshurst, Janet M., McGlone, Matt S., Napier, Aaron
Format: Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: 2012
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:Global Ecology and Biogeography
Schlagworte:Health sciences Applied sciences Biological sciences Physical sciences
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245 1 0 |a Reconstructing spatial vulnerability to forest loss by fire in pre-historic New Zealand 
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520 |a Aim: Despite small and transient populations, early Māori transformed large areas of New Zealand's forest landscapes. We sought to isolate the biophysical predictors that explain forest loss in the pre-historic (i.e. pre-European) period in New Zealand. Location: New Zealand. Methods: We used resampled boosted regression trees to isolate the key predictors of forest loss from a suite of 19 topographic, climatic, soil-related and archaeological predictors at a 1-km spatial resolution across New Zealand. Results: The key predictors of fire-driven forest loss during New Zealand's prehistory relate to moisture and elevation gradients, with sites characterized by low moisture levels and gentle slopes being most vulnerable. Proxies for human activity were important in the North Island, where Māori population densities were higher, but not the South Island. The predicted pattern of forest loss and its relationship with biophysical variables suggest that early Māori neither deliberately protected fire-prone regions nor systematically burnt less fire-prone ones. Main conclusions: Before Māori settlement of New Zealand fire was naturally rare, despite biophysical conditions being conducive to fire spread. The introduction of an ignition source by humans made widespread forest loss inevitable, even in the absence of sustained and deliberate use of fire. Rapid forest loss at the time of human settlement is recurrent across eastern Polynesia, so understanding this dynamic in New Zealand has implications for the region as a whole. 
540 |a Copyright © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 
650 4 |a Health sciences  |x Health and wellness  |x Public health  |x Disasters  |x Fires  |x Wildfires  |x Forest fires 
650 4 |a Applied sciences  |x Research methods  |x Modeling 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Botany  |x Plant ecology  |x Forest ecology 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Botany  |x Plant ecology  |x Forest ecology  |x Forest cover 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Ecology  |x Ecological modeling 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Ecology  |x Population ecology  |x Synecology  |x Biocenosis  |x Plant communities  |x Forests  |x Coniferous forests 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Ecology  |x Fire ecology 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Agriculture  |x Agricultural sciences  |x Agronomy  |x Soil science  |x Soils  |x Forest soils 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Botany  |x Plant ecology  |x Vegetation 
650 4 |a Physical sciences  |x Earth sciences  |x Geography  |x Geomorphology  |x Bodies of water  |x Lakes 
655 4 |a research-article 
700 1 |a Wilmshurst, Janet M.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a McGlone, Matt S.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Napier, Aaron  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
773 0 8 |i Enthalten in  |t Global Ecology and Biogeography  |d John Wiley & Sons Ltd  |g 21(2012), 9/10, Seite 1029-1041  |w (DE-627)320610276  |w (DE-600)2021283-5  |x 14668238  |7 nnns 
773 1 8 |g volume:21  |g year:2012  |g number:9/10  |g pages:1029-1041 
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