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180527s2014 xx |||||o 00| ||eng c |
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|a (DE-627)JST104101415
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|a (JST)24914508
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|a DE-627
|b ger
|c DE-627
|e rakwb
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|a eng
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| 100 |
1 |
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|a Garvelmann, J.
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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| 245 |
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|a Variability of Observed Energy Fluxes during Rain-on-Snow and Clear Sky Snowmelt in a Midlatitude Mountain Environment
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|c 2014
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|a Text
|b txt
|2 rdacontent
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|a Computermedien
|b c
|2 rdamedia
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|a Online-Ressource
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|2 rdacarrier
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|a ABSTRACT Hourly observations of 65 snow monitoring stations were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of the surface energy balance during snowmelt in the Black Forest region of southwestern Germany. The study focuses on two rain-on-snow (ROS) events in December 2012 and a clear sky period at the beginning of March 2013 using the same study locations. ROS and clear sky were chosen since they are completely different snowmelt conditions in terms of energy exchanges and dynamics. The results show that snowmelt was dominated by turbulent exchanges at the open field sites and by both turbulent exchanges and net longwave radiation in the forest during ROS. The energy available for snowmelt can be almost identical at open and forest locations during ROS, and a constant energy flux even during night was directed toward the snowpack. During the clear sky conditions, net shortwave radiation was the dominating term in the open, whereas net shortwave and net longwave radiation were most important in the forest. A diurnal signal with positive energy balance during daylight and negative energy balance in the night was observed, with considerably reduced energy available for snowmelt in the forest. Furthermore, the stratified sampling design revealed the strong influence of the canopy and the topography at the locations on the observed energy fluxes. Elevation, aspect, and leaf area index (LAI) were the most important predictor variables during ROS, whereas aspect and LAI were most influential during the clear sky period. The study highlights the distinct spatial variability of the individual energy balance terms over a relatively small area during the differing snowmelt conditions.
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|a © 2014 American Meteorological Society
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|a Environmental studies
|x Atmospheric sciences
|x Meteorology
|x Hydrometeorology
|x Precipitation
|x Snow
|x Snowmelt
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Biology
|x Botany
|x Plant ecology
|x Vegetation
|x Vegetation structure
|x Plant strata
|x Vegetation canopies
|x Forest canopy
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Ecology
|x Population ecology
|x Synecology
|x Biocenosis
|x Plant communities
|x Forests
|x Coniferous forests
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Environmental studies
|x Atmospheric sciences
|x Meteorology
|x Hydrometeorology
|x Precipitation
|x Snow
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| 650 |
|
4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Ecology
|x Population ecology
|x Synecology
|x Biocenosis
|x Plant communities
|x Forests
|x Deciduous forests
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Physical sciences
|x Earth sciences
|x Geography
|x Geomorphology
|x Topography
|x Topographical elevation
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Physical sciences
|x Physics
|x Energy
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Applied sciences
|x Materials science
|x Surface science
|x Surface properties
|x Surface temperature
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Environmental studies
|x Atmospheric sciences
|x Meteorology
|x Hydrometeorology
|x Precipitation
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Biochemistry
|x Metabolism
|x Energy metabolism
|x Energy value
|x ARTICLES
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| 655 |
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|a research-article
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1 |
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|a Pohl, S.
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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1 |
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|a Weiler, M.
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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| 773 |
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|i Enthalten in
|t Journal of Hydrometeorology
|d American Meteorological Society
|g 15(2014), 3, Seite 1220-1237
|w (DE-627)JST104076577
|x 15257541
|7 nnns
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| 773 |
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|g volume:15
|g year:2014
|g number:3
|g pages:1220-1237
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|u https://www.jstor.org/stable/24914508
|3 Volltext
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|d 15
|j 2014
|e 3
|h 1220-1237
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