Studies into Abstract Properties of Individuals. III. A Studyof Factors Affecting Emergence
Eighteen individuals of Pinus ponderosa Lawson wereanalyzed for emergence, a difference in organization between the lower andhigher levels of a within‐plant hierarchy. The variables used weresix distance measurements taken from needle cross sections, andorganization was evaluated using angles betwee...
| Veröffentlicht in: | International Journal of Plant Sciences. - The University of Chicago Press, 1992. - 160(1999), 5, Seite 809-817 |
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| Format: | Online-Aufsatz |
| Veröffentlicht: |
1999
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| Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk: | International Journal of Plant Sciences |
| Schlagworte: | development emergence historical constraint variation theories ofchange Biological sciences Mathematics Behavioral sciences Information science Jack |
| Zusammenfassung: | Eighteen individuals of Pinus ponderosa Lawson wereanalyzed for emergence, a difference in organization between the lower andhigher levels of a within‐plant hierarchy. The variables used weresix distance measurements taken from needle cross sections, andorganization was evaluated using angles between eigenvectors and a vectorof isometry. Sixteen of 18 individuals analyzed showed emergence. Variationwas shown in the degree of emergence, the between‐level differencein organization. Variation in organization was the factor most stronglyrelated to the degree of emergence; it also showed thestrongest relationship to degree of emergence in grasses previouslystudied. These results argue for a possible cause and effect relationshipbetween variation in organization and ontogeny or phylogeny, i.e.,time‐related irreversible change. The results also argue for thecontrol of irreversible change residing in systems as a whole rather thantheir parts and for the direction of change being determined by thehistorical boundaries of those systems. Emergence is also related to thecomplexity that increases with the concomitant flows of energy andinformation in plants. |
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| Beschreibung: | 1 E‐mail jmazeunixg.ubc.ca . |
| ISSN: | 15375315 |
| DOI: | 10.1086/314181 |