| Zusammenfassung: | This paper presents the results of the investigation of macroscopic plant remains from the early Neolithic site of Moravany, Slovakia, dated to the third quarter of the 6th millennium cal B.C., from which 141 samples of burnt clay were examined. The most abundant remains belonged to Triticum dicoccon. Two other cereals were found, T. monococcum and Hordeum vulgare. Fifty-five soil samples contained a few specimens of charred grains of T. dicoccon and diaspores of the wild plants Chenopodium album, Saponaria officinalis, Solanum nigrum and Bromus sp. Over 2,000 pieces of charcoal were examined, among which 14 plant taxa belonging to gymnosperms and angiosperms have been recognized. The most common were Quercus (oak), Fraxinus (ash) and Ulmus (elm). Archaeobotanical and chronological data demonstrate that a farming economy was practised in eastern Slovakia as early as the mid 6th millennium B.C. The trees identified from the charcoals reveal that typical early Atlantic woodland communities with a predominance of deciduous trees and shrubs constituted the environmental context of the first Neolithic settlers there. Wood of these taxa was used for construction and as fuel.
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