Tests of Significance for 2 × 2 Contingency Tables
Fisher's exact test, and the approximation to it by the continuity-corrected χ<sup>2</sup> test, have repeatedly been attacked over the past 40 years, recently with the support of extensive computer exercises. The present paper argues, on commonsense grounds, supported by simple exa...
| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General). - Royal Statistical Society, 1948. - 147(1984), 3, Seite 426-463 |
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| 1. Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Online-Aufsatz |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
1984
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| Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk: | Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General) |
| Schlagworte: | Ancillary Statistics Binomial Probabilities Conditioning Conservative Test Contingency Tables Contingency Test Continuity Correction Fisher's Exact Test Goodness of Fit Neyman-Pearson Theory mehr... |
| Zusammenfassung: | Fisher's exact test, and the approximation to it by the continuity-corrected χ<sup>2</sup> test, have repeatedly been attacked over the past 40 years, recently with the support of extensive computer exercises. The present paper argues, on commonsense grounds, supported by simple examples, that these attacks are misconceived, and are mainly due to uncritical acceptance of the Neyman-Pearson approach to tests of significance, the use of nominal levels, and refusal to accept the arguments for conditioning on the margins. Two-sided tests have also added to the confusion; it is argued that the best definition of a two-sided probability is twice the observed one-tail probability. |
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| ISSN: | 00359238 |
| DOI: | 10.2307/2981577 |