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|a (DE-627)JST031512100
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|a (JST)41331381
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|a DE-627
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|c DE-627
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|a eng
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|a Lundberg, Anders
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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|a CLIMATE AND LAND-USE CHANGE AS DRIVING FORCES IN LOWLAND SEMINATURAL VEGETATION DYNAMICS
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|c 2011
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|a Text
|b txt
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|a Computermedien
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|a Online-Ressource
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|a In many parts of Europe, extensive changes in vegetation have taken place during recent decades. In Norway, forest expansion is a major trend, with an increase in volume of 20.3% during the period 1994—2008. The annual increase has more than doubled since 1967. This study was carried out to gain more insight into the complexity of vegetation dynamics and alterations in a lowland area on the coast of W Norway, and to identify the driving forces behind these changes. Field surveys were carried out with aerial photo interpretation and vegetation mapping. Spatial analysis was carried out using GIS. Historical sources were identified, interpreted, and used to generate information on land-use during recent centuries. Supplementary methods consisted of soil profile analysis and dendrochronology. Climate data were used to analyse climatic trends in the past 90 years since 1923. Forest expansion was a major trend during 1956—1994. In 1956, 49.5% of the area was covered by forest, and by 1994 the coverage had increased with 53.4%. Forestation continued during 1994—2003 and 2003—2007, but at rates far lower than in the previous period (4.0 and 3.8% increases, compared to 53.4%). Forest expansion was most extensive during 1956—1994, a period with no clear trend in mean July temperatures. A distinct increase in mean July temperatures occurred during the period 1994— 2003 and again in 2003-2007, when the rate of forestation was far lower than in previous decades. This is an indication that a factor other than climate change is the most important driving force for vegetation change, forest expansion in particular. Forestation did not start simultaneously throughout all parts of the study area, but at different times on different landholdings. Forestation initially started on plots where livestock grazing first came to an end (in the 1930s), and lastly on plots where grazing came to an end three decades later, in the 1960s. The different starting times of forestation is reflected in the present age structure of the forest stands on the eight landholdings studied. The conclusion is drawn that changes in land-use are the major driving force behind the distinct process of forestation that occurred during the 20th century. In vielen Teilen Europas ist die Expansion des Waldes der Haupttrend, mit einer Volumenzunahme auf Landesebene von 20.3% im Zeitraum von 1994 bis 2008, wobei sich die jährliche Zunahme gegenüber 1967 mehr als verdoppelt hat. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Komplexität der Vegetationsdynamik und Veränderungen in einem Tieflandbereich an der Westküste Norwegens zu untersuchen und steuernde Faktoren zu identifizieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurde die Vegetation kartiert, Luftbilder interpretiert sowie die Landnutzung für die letzten Jahrhunderte aus historischen Quellen rekonstruiert. Die räumliche Analyse der Daten erfolgte dann GIS-gestützt. Ergänzende Methoden umfassten Bodenanalysen und Dendrochronologie, darüber hinaus wurden Klimadaten der letzten 90 Jahre hinsichtlich klimatischer Trends analysiert. Die größte flächenhafte Waldzunahme im Untersuchungsgebiet erfolgte mit 53,4% zwischen 1956 und 1994. Die Wiederbewaldung setzte sich auch in den Zeiträumen 1994—2003 und 2003—2007 fort, allerdings mit gegenüber der Vorperiode deutlich niedrigeren Raten von 4% bzw. 3,8%. Für den Zeitraum der starken Waldzunahme zwischen 1956 und 1994 lässt sich in den Juli-Temperaturen kein klarer Trend erkennen. Eine deutliche Steigerung der Juli-Temperaturen erfolgte dagegen 1994—2003 und 2003—2007, also in Zeiträumen deutlich geringerer Wiederbewaldung. Dies indiziert, dass andere Faktoren als der Klimawandel die steuernde Kraft für Änderungen in der Vegetation, insbesondere die Waldexpansion, sind. Die Wiederbewaldung im Untersuchungsgebiet begann nicht zeitgleich auf allen Flächen, sondern startete zeitlich versetzt auf unterschiedlichen Teilflächen. Sie begann zuerst auf den Flächen, die bereits in den 1930er Jahren aus der Weidenutzung genommen wurden und zuletzt auf den Flächen, die erst seit den 1960er Jahren nicht mehr beweidet werden. Die unterschiedlichen Startzeiten der Wiederbewaldung spiegeln sich in der Alters Struktur der Bestände wider. Als Fazit kann festgehalten werden, dass Änderungen der Landnutzung die steuernde Kraft hinter der Wiederbewaldung im 20. Jahrhundert sind.
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|a © ERDKUNDE, Department of Geography, University of Bonn
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Biology
|x Botany
|x Plant ecology
|x Vegetation
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Ecology
|x Population ecology
|x Synecology
|x Biocenosis
|x Plant communities
|x Forests
|x Deciduous forests
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Environmental studies
|x Environmental sciences
|x Climate change
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Agriculture
|x Agricultural sciences
|x Agroecology
|x Agroforestry
|x Agroforestry systems
|x Silvopastoral systems
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Agriculture
|x Agricultural sciences
|x Agricultural geography
|x Agricultural land
|x Farmlands
|x Pastures
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Ecology
|x Ecosystems
|x Biomes
|x Shrublands
|x Heathlands
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Physical sciences
|x Earth sciences
|x Geography
|x Land
|x Rangelands
|x Wetlands
|x Swamps
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| 650 |
|
4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Ecology
|x Population ecology
|x Synecology
|x Biocenosis
|x Plant communities
|x Forests
|x Coniferous forests
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| 650 |
|
4 |
|a Biological sciences
|x Biology
|x Botany
|x Plant ecology
|x Forest ecology
|x Forest ecosystems
|x Forest communities
|x Forest stands
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| 650 |
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4 |
|a Physical sciences
|x Earth sciences
|x Geography
|x Geomorphology
|x Topography
|x Lowlands
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| 655 |
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4 |
|a research-article
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| 773 |
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8 |
|i Enthalten in
|t Erdkunde
|d Erdkunde
|g 65(2011), 4, Seite 335-353
|w (DE-627)558389430
|w (DE-600)2409219-8
|x 00140015
|7 nnns
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|g volume:65
|g year:2011
|g number:4
|g pages:335-353
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|u https://www.jstor.org/stable/41331381
|3 Volltext
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|d 65
|j 2011
|e 4
|h 335-353
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