Early Childhood Lower Respiratory Illness and Air Pollution

Early Childhood Lower Respiratory Illness and Air Pollution

Background: Few studies of air pollutants address morbidity in preschool children. In this study we evaluated bronchitis in children from two Czech districts: Teplice, with high ambient air pollution, and Prachatice, characterized by lower exposures. Objectives: Our goal was to examine rates of lowe...

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Environmental Health Perspectives. - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1972. - 115(2007), 10, Seite 1510-1518
1. Verfasser: Hertz-Picciotto, Irva (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser: Yap, Poh-Sin, Joad, Jesse P., Lipsett, Michael, Beneš, Ivan, Shumway, Robert H., Pinkerton, Kent E., Šrám, Radim
Format: Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: 2007
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:Environmental Health Perspectives
Schlagworte:Air Pollution Bronchitis Children's Health Infant Particulate Matter PM2.5 PAHs Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Respiratory Illness Volatile Organic Compounds mehr... Environmental studies Health sciences Physical sciences Social sciences Applied sciences
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520 |a Background: Few studies of air pollutants address morbidity in preschool children. In this study we evaluated bronchitis in children from two Czech districts: Teplice, with high ambient air pollution, and Prachatice, characterized by lower exposures. Objectives: Our goal was to examine rates of lower respiratory illnesses in preschool children in relation to ambient particles and hydrocarbons. Methods: Air monitoring for particulate matter $< 2.5 \mum$ in diameter (PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was conducted daily, every third day, or every sixth day. Children born May 1994 through December 1998 were followed to 3 or 4.5 years of age to ascertain illness diagnoses. Mothers completed questionnaires at birth and at follow-up regarding demographic, lifestyle, reproductive, and home environmental factors. Longitudinal multivariate repeated-measures analysis was used to quantify rate ratios for bronchitis and for total lower respiratory illnesses in 1,133 children. Results: After adjustment for season, temperature, and other covariates, bronchitis rates increased with rising pollutant concentrations. Below 2 years of age, increments in 30-day averages of $100 ng/m^3$ PAHs and of $25 \mug/m^3 PM_{2.5}$ resulted in rate ratios (RRs) for bronchitis of 1.29 [95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.54] and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.08-1.58), respectively, from 2 to 4.5 years of age, these RRs were 1.56 (95% CI, 1.22-2.00) and 1.23 (95% CI, 0.94-1.62), respectively. Conclusion: Ambient PAHs and fine particles were associated with early-life susceptibility to bronchitis. Associations were stronger for longer pollutant-averaging periods and, among children > 2 years of age, for PAHs compared with fine particles. Preschool-age children may be particularly vulnerable to air pollution-induced illnesses. 
650 4 |a Air Pollution 
650 4 |a Bronchitis 
650 4 |a Children's Health 
650 4 |a Infant 
650 4 |a Particulate Matter 
650 4 |a PM2.5 
650 4 |a PAHs 
650 4 |a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 
650 4 |a Respiratory Illness 
650 4 |a Volatile Organic Compounds 
650 4 |a Environmental studies  |x Environmental quality  |x Environmental degradation  |x Environmental pollution  |x Air pollution 
650 4 |a Health sciences  |x Medical conditions  |x Diseases 
650 4 |a Health sciences  |x Medical conditions  |x Diseases  |x Respiratory diseases  |x Bronchial diseases  |x Bronchitis 
650 4 |a Environmental studies  |x Environmental quality  |x Environmental degradation  |x Environmental pollution  |x Pollutants  |x Air pollutants 
650 4 |a Physical sciences  |x Chemistry  |x Chemical compounds  |x Carbon compounds  |x Hydrocarbons  |x Cyclic hydrocarbons  |x Aromatic hydrocarbons  |x Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 
650 4 |a Social sciences  |x Population studies  |x Human populations  |x Persons  |x Children 
650 4 |a Social sciences  |x Population studies  |x Human populations  |x Persons  |x Children  |x Preschool children 
650 4 |a Health sciences  |x Medical specialties  |x Pediatrics 
650 4 |a Social sciences  |x Population studies  |x Human populations  |x Persons  |x Children  |x Infants 
650 4 |a Applied sciences  |x Materials science  |x Materials  |x Particulate matter  |x Research  |x Children's Health 
655 4 |a research-article 
700 1 |a Yap, Poh-Sin  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Joad, Jesse P.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Lipsett, Michael  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Beneš, Ivan  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Shumway, Robert H.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Pinkerton, Kent E.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Šrám, Radim  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
773 0 8 |i Enthalten in  |t Environmental Health Perspectives  |d National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1972  |g 115(2007), 10, Seite 1510-1518  |w (DE-627)34134639X  |w (DE-600)2067353-X  |x 00916765  |7 nnns 
773 1 8 |g volume:115  |g year:2007  |g number:10  |g pages:1510-1518 
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