Impacts of Nest Construction by Native Pigs (Sus scrofa) on Lowland Malaysian Rain Forest Saplings

Impacts of Nest Construction by Native Pigs (Sus scrofa) on Lowland Malaysian Rain Forest Saplings

Isolation of remnant forest patches, coupled with anthropogenic changes in the surrounding landscape, often leads to changes in the population density of forest-dwelling mammals. At Pasoh Forest Reserve in Peninsular Malaysia, densities of native wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are 10-100 times greater than...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ecology. - Duke University Press. - 86(2005), 6, Seite 1540-1547
1. Verfasser: Ickes, Kalan (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser: Paciorek, Christopher J., Thomas, Sean C.
Format: Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: 2005
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:Ecology
Schlagworte:Dipterocarpaceae Lowland Rain Forest Malaysia Pig Nests Sapling Damage Sus scrofa Tree Demography Tropical Forests Biological sciences Behavioral sciences mehr... Social sciences Physical sciences
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520 |a Isolation of remnant forest patches, coupled with anthropogenic changes in the surrounding landscape, often leads to changes in the population density of forest-dwelling mammals. At Pasoh Forest Reserve in Peninsular Malaysia, densities of native wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are 10-100 times greater than historical levels due to the local extinction of feline predators and the presence of abundant food sources in areas adjacent to the forest. Female pigs build reproductive nests out of understory vegetation; at Pasoh these nests are constructed primarily of woody saplings several meters tall that pigs snap or uproot, causing substantial local damage. We documented the prevalence of nest building by pigs at Pasoh within a 25-ha area from 1995 to 1998 and investigated the impacts of this mammalian behavior on the understory plant community. In total, 643 pig nests were enumerated, providing an estimate that 6.0 nests· ha-1· yr-1were constructed in the survey area. Pigs avoided constructing nests adjacent to trails but otherwise built nests throughout the 25-ha survey area. A single pig nest contained, on average, 267 ± 86(mean± 1 SD) woody saplings, of which 45% had been uprooted and 55% had the main stem snapped. The understory area affected by the construction of a single pig nest averaged $244\pm112 m^2$ , with 53% of all free-standing woody plants ≥ 70 cm tall and <2.0 cm dbh in this area being uprooted or snapped. As a result of nest building, pigs caused an estimated 29% of the observed tree mortality of saplings 1-2 cm dbh, and 43% of sapling mortality and damage combined. Pigs affected plant families differently, with individuals from the economically and ecologically paramount Dipterocarpaceae being about two times more likely to be used in nest construction than other taxa. Our results indicate that pig nest-building activities are a major source of sapling mortality, and that their effects probably will result in substantial shifts in tree community composition in this forest. 
540 |a Copyright 2005 Ecological Society of America 
650 4 |a Dipterocarpaceae 
650 4 |a Lowland Rain Forest 
650 4 |a Malaysia 
650 4 |a Pig Nests 
650 4 |a Sapling Damage 
650 4 |a Sus scrofa 
650 4 |a Tree Demography 
650 4 |a Tropical Forests 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Zoology  |x Animals  |x Mammals  |x Ungulates  |x Swine 
650 4 |a Behavioral sciences  |x Ethology  |x Animal behavior  |x Habitat selection  |x Animal nesting 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Developmental biology  |x Growth and development  |x Developmental stages  |x Saplings 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Botany  |x Forestry  |x Forest resources  |x Forest reserves 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Botany  |x Plant ecology  |x Vegetation  |x Vegetation structure  |x Plant strata  |x Vegetation canopies  |x Understory 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Botany  |x Dendrology  |x Trees 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Ecology  |x Population ecology  |x Synecology  |x Biocenosis  |x Plant communities  |x Forests  |x Rain forests  |x Tropical rain forests 
650 4 |a Social sciences  |x Population studies  |x Mortality 
650 4 |a Biological sciences  |x Biology  |x Botany  |x Plant ecology  |x Forest ecology 
650 4 |a Physical sciences  |x Earth sciences  |x Geography  |x Geomorphology  |x Topography  |x Lowlands 
655 4 |a research-article 
700 1 |a Paciorek, Christopher J.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
700 1 |a Thomas, Sean C.  |e verfasserin  |4 aut 
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