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|a (JST)25166835
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|a DE-627
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|a eng
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|a Powell, James M.
|e verfasserin
|4 aut
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|a Church and Crusade: Frederick II and Louis IX
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|c 2007
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|a Text
|b txt
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|a In the course of the thirteenth century, the crusade movement underwent significant changes. Its focus expanded beyond military expeditions against the Muslims as it came increasingly to be employed for political purposes and in defense of the faith. Increasingly, leadership of major crusading expeditions was under the control of secular rulers. Frederick II and Louis IX, though often contrasted, shared a common view of their role as leaders of the crusade. The role of the papacy, which through the early part of the century was central, became more marginal. While the religious ties of the crusade remained and may have moved even more to the fore, papal leadership became increasingly symbolic. By the late thirteenth and early fourteenth century, continuing adversity undermined efforts to maintain papal leadership.
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|a Copyright 2007 The Catholic University of America Press
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|a Behavioral sciences
|x Anthropology
|x Ethnology
|x Ethnography
|x European studies
|x European history
|x Medieval period
|x Crusades
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|a Religion
|x Spiritual belief systems
|x Christianity
|x Catholicism
|x Roman Catholic Church
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|a Behavioral sciences
|x Anthropology
|x Ethnology
|x Ethnic groups
|x Ethnoreligious groups
|x Muslims
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|a Behavioral sciences
|x Sociology
|x Human societies
|x Social structures
|x Kingdoms
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|a Political science
|x Government
|x Government officials
|x Heads of state
|x Monarchs
|x Emperors
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|a Religion
|x Theology
|x Practical theology
|x Spiritual leaders
|x Clergy
|x Popes
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|a Religion
|x Spiritual belief systems
|x Christianity
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|a Religion
|x Theology
|x Practical theology
|x Religious places
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|a Religion
|x Spiritual belief systems
|x Islam
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|a Political science
|x Military science
|x Armed conflict
|x War
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|a research-article
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|i Enthalten in
|t The Catholic Historical Review
|d The Catholic University of America Press, 1915
|g 93(2007), 2, Seite vi-264
|w (DE-627)327646616
|w (DE-600)2043988-X
|x 15340708
|7 nnns
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|g volume:93
|g year:2007
|g number:2
|g pages:vi-264
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|u https://www.jstor.org/stable/25166835
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|d 93
|j 2007
|e 2
|h vi-264
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