A review of the hexapod tracheal system with a focus on the apterygote groups

Respiratory systems are key innovations for the radiation of terrestrial arthropods. It is therefore surprising that there is still a considerable lack of knowledge. In this review of the available information on tracheal systems of hexapods (with a focus on the apterygote lineages Protura, Collembo...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ventricular Restraint Improves Outcomes in HF Patients with CRT. - 2011. - Amsterdam [u.a.]
1. Verfasser: Dittrich, Kathleen (VerfasserIn)
Weitere Verfasser: Wipfler, Benjamin (BerichterstatterIn)
Format: Online-Aufsatz
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: 2021transfer abstract
Zugriff auf das übergeordnete Werk:Ventricular Restraint Improves Outcomes in HF Patients with CRT
Schlagworte:Tracheae Insecta Hexapoda Entognatha Respiration Spiracles
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520 |a Respiratory systems are key innovations for the radiation of terrestrial arthropods. It is therefore surprising that there is still a considerable lack of knowledge. In this review of the available information on tracheal systems of hexapods (with a focus on the apterygote lineages Protura, Collembola, Diplura, Archaeognatha and Zygentoma), we summarize available data on the spiracles (number, position and morphology), the shape and variability of tracheal branching patterns including anastomoses, the tracheal fine structure and the respiratory proteins. The available data are strongly fragmented, and information for most subgroups is missing. In various cases, individual observations for one species account for the knowledge of the entire order. The available data show that there are strong differences between but also within apterygote orders. We conclude that the available data are insufficient to derive detailed conclusions on the hexapod ground plan and outline the possible evolutionary scenarios for the tracheal system in this group. 
520 |a Respiratory systems are key innovations for the radiation of terrestrial arthropods. It is therefore surprising that there is still a considerable lack of knowledge. In this review of the available information on tracheal systems of hexapods (with a focus on the apterygote lineages Protura, Collembola, Diplura, Archaeognatha and Zygentoma), we summarize available data on the spiracles (number, position and morphology), the shape and variability of tracheal branching patterns including anastomoses, the tracheal fine structure and the respiratory proteins. The available data are strongly fragmented, and information for most subgroups is missing. In various cases, individual observations for one species account for the knowledge of the entire order. The available data show that there are strong differences between but also within apterygote orders. We conclude that the available data are insufficient to derive detailed conclusions on the hexapod ground plan and outline the possible evolutionary scenarios for the tracheal system in this group. 
650 7 |a Tracheae  |2 Elsevier 
650 7 |a Insecta  |2 Elsevier 
650 7 |a Hexapoda  |2 Elsevier 
650 7 |a Entognatha  |2 Elsevier 
650 7 |a Respiration  |2 Elsevier 
650 7 |a Spiracles  |2 Elsevier 
700 1 |a Wipfler, Benjamin  |4 oth 
773 0 8 |i Enthalten in  |n Elsevier Science  |t Ventricular Restraint Improves Outcomes in HF Patients with CRT  |d 2011  |g Amsterdam [u.a.]  |w (DE-627)ELV015921530 
773 1 8 |g volume:63  |g year:2021  |g pages:0 
856 4 0 |u https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2021.101072  |3 Volltext 
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