Ultrastructural 3D reconstruction of the smallest known insect photoreceptors: The stemmata of a first instar larva of Strepsiptera (Hexapoda)

Stemmata of strepsipteran insects represent the smallest arthropod eyes known, having photoreceptors which form fused rhabdoms measuring an average size of 1.69 × 1.21 × 1.04 μm and each occupying a volume of only 0.97–1.16 μm3. The morphology of the stemmata of the extremely miniaturized first inst...

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Publié dans:Ventricular Restraint Improves Outcomes in HF Patients with CRT. - 2011. - Amsterdam [u.a.]
Auteur principal: Fischer, Stefan (Auteur)
Autres auteurs: Laue, Michael (Autre), Müller, Carsten H.G. (Autre), Meinertzhagen, Ian A. (Autre), Pohl, Hans (Autre)
Format: Article en ligne
Langue:English
Publié: 2021transfer abstract
Accès à la collection:Ventricular Restraint Improves Outcomes in HF Patients with CRT
Sujets:Insects Cryofixation Holometabola Vision Miniaturization
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520 |a Stemmata of strepsipteran insects represent the smallest arthropod eyes known, having photoreceptors which form fused rhabdoms measuring an average size of 1.69 × 1.21 × 1.04 μm and each occupying a volume of only 0.97–1.16 μm3. The morphology of the stemmata of the extremely miniaturized first instar larva of Stylops ovinae (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) was investigated using serial-sectioning transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM). Our 3D reconstruction revealed that, despite different proportions, all three stemmata maintain the same organization: a biconvex corneal lens, four corneagenous cells and five photoreceptor (retinula) cells. No pigment-containing cell-types were found to adjoin the corneagenous cells. Whereas the retinula cells are adapted to the limited space by having laterally bulged median regions, containing mitochondria and the smallest nuclei yet reported for arthropods (1.37 μm3), special adaptations are found in the corneagenous cells which have cell volumes down to 1 μm3. The corneagenous cells lack nuclei and pigment granules and bear only a few mitochondria (up to three) or none at all. Morphological adaptations due to miniaturization are discussed in the context of photoreceptor function and the visual needs of the larva. 
520 |a Stemmata of strepsipteran insects represent the smallest arthropod eyes known, having photoreceptors which form fused rhabdoms measuring an average size of 1.69 × 1.21 × 1.04 μm and each occupying a volume of only 0.97–1.16 μm3. The morphology of the stemmata of the extremely miniaturized first instar larva of Stylops ovinae (Strepsiptera, Stylopidae) was investigated using serial-sectioning transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM). Our 3D reconstruction revealed that, despite different proportions, all three stemmata maintain the same organization: a biconvex corneal lens, four corneagenous cells and five photoreceptor (retinula) cells. No pigment-containing cell-types were found to adjoin the corneagenous cells. Whereas the retinula cells are adapted to the limited space by having laterally bulged median regions, containing mitochondria and the smallest nuclei yet reported for arthropods (1.37 μm3), special adaptations are found in the corneagenous cells which have cell volumes down to 1 μm3. The corneagenous cells lack nuclei and pigment granules and bear only a few mitochondria (up to three) or none at all. Morphological adaptations due to miniaturization are discussed in the context of photoreceptor function and the visual needs of the larva. 
650 7 |a Insects  |2 Elsevier 
650 7 |a Cryofixation  |2 Elsevier 
650 7 |a Holometabola  |2 Elsevier 
650 7 |a Vision  |2 Elsevier 
650 7 |a Miniaturization  |2 Elsevier 
700 1 |a Laue, Michael  |4 oth 
700 1 |a Müller, Carsten H.G.  |4 oth 
700 1 |a Meinertzhagen, Ian A.  |4 oth 
700 1 |a Pohl, Hans  |4 oth 
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773 1 8 |g volume:62  |g year:2021  |g pages:0 
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