The evolution of UN sanctions : from a tool of warfare to a tool of peace, security and human rights
Intro -- Introduction -- Key Points -- Analytical Framework -- Structure -- Preface -- Acronyms -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Part I: Evolution of UN Sanctions System -- Chapter 1: An American Interlude: Sanctions Reinvented -- 1.1 Early American Trade Embargo for Independence -- 1.2 WW1 and t...
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| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
| Format: | E-Book |
| Sprache: | German English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cham : Springer International Publishing,
[2017]
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| Ausgabe: | 1st edition |
| Schlagworte: | Economic sanctions International relations Sanctions (International law) United Nations Internationale Politik Wirtschaftsbeziehungen Sanktion Völkerrecht Wirtschaftssanktion Friedenssichernde Maßnahme mehr... |
| Umfang: | 1 Online-Ressource (xxx, 501 Seiten) |
| Zusammenfassung: | Intro -- Introduction -- Key Points -- Analytical Framework -- Structure -- Preface -- Acronyms -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Part I: Evolution of UN Sanctions System -- Chapter 1: An American Interlude: Sanctions Reinvented -- 1.1 Early American Trade Embargo for Independence -- 1.2 WW1 and the Trading with the Enemy Act -- 1.3 Sanctions for Peace, or for America's Strategic Advantage -- References -- Chapter 2: Creating the Security Council and Its Sanctions System -- 2.1 Defining Global Principles -- 2.2 Seven Years That Changed the World -- 2.3 The Foundations of the United Nations -- 2.4 US State Department and the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) -- References -- Chapter 3: Designing and Applying Chapter VII -- 3.1 The Formation of the UN Sanctions System -- 3.2 Article 41 in Action -- 3.3 Uniting for Peace Resolution -- 3.4 The Collective Measures Committee -- References -- Chapter 4: NAM -- 4.1 Establishing the NAM -- 4.2 Restructuring the Security Council -- 4.3 The Dissipating Third Power -- References -- Chapter 5: From Comprehensive to Smart and Fairer Sanctions -- 5.1 Interpretation of Article 39 in a Changing Political Environment -- 5.2 Johan Galtung and the Unintended Consequences of Sanctions -- 5.3 Concerns Over the Humanitarian Effects of Comprehensive Sanctions -- 5.3.1 Haiti -- 5.3.2 Iraq -- 5.4 Monitoring of Sanctions -- 5.5 Evaluating the Sanctions Process -- 5.5.1 Somalia -- 5.5.2 Angola/UNITA -- 5.5.3 Al Qaida and the Taliban -- 5.6 Smart and Targeted Sanctions: Harbingers from WW2 and America's Economic Warfare -- 5.6.1 Interlaken Process, Bonn/Berlin Process, Stockholm Process -- References -- Chapter 6: Backlash Against the Backlash -- 6.1 Paradigm Paralysis -- 6.2 Paralysis Leading to Flawed Sanctions Designations -- 6.3 Onward to the Past: Sanctions as Economic Warfare -- 6.4 Clear and Fair Procedures References -- Chapter 7: UN Sanctions Measures -- 7.1 Overview of UN Sanctions Measures -- 7.2 Arms Embargo: Introduction -- 7.2.1 Definitions of Arms -- 7.2.2 Embargo on Conventional Arms -- 7.2.3 Embargo on Unconventional Arms -- 7.2.4 Exemptions to Arms Embargoes -- 7.2.5 Territory Covered by Arms Embargoes -- 7.2.5.1 Fluctuating Arms Embargo in the DRC -- 7.2.5.2 Transnational Embargo on Al Qaida and ISIL -- 7.2.5.3 Extraterritorial Embargo on Somalia -- 7.2.5.4 Partial Embargo in Sudan -- 7.2.6 Strategies by Arms Embargo Violators -- 7.2.6.1 Official State-to-State Transactions -- 7.2.6.2 Covert State-to-State Transactions -- 7.2.6.3 Company-to-State Transactions -- 7.2.6.4 Small Consignments of Components and Below-Threshold Procurement -- 7.2.7 The Role of Customs Services in the Interception of Embargoed Goods -- 7.2.8 Interception on the High Seas: The Proliferation Security Initiative -- 7.2.9 Vulnerabilities of the Transportation Industry -- 7.2.10 Financial Aspects of an Arms Embargo -- 7.3 Travel Ban/No-Fly Zones and Restricting Aviation and Maritime Transportation Systems -- 7.3.1 Travel Ban: Purpose of Travel Restrictions -- 7.3.2 Effective UN Travel Bans -- 7.3.3 No-Fly Zones -- 7.3.4 Aviation Sanctions -- 7.3.4.1 Ariana Airways -- 7.3.4.2 Somalia's Airspace -- 7.3.4.3 Liberia -- 7.3.4.4 DRC -- 7.3.4.5 Darfur -- 7.3.5 Exemptions to UN Travel Ban, Aviation Sanctions, and No-Fly Zones -- 7.4 Financial and Economic Sanctions: General Considerations -- 7.4.1 Asset Freeze -- 7.4.2 Financial Sanctions: Activity-Based Sanctions -- 7.4.3 Exemptions to UN Asset Freezes or Other Financial and Economic Measures -- 7.4.4 Economic Measures and Restrictions on Trade with Natural Resources -- 7.5 Luxury Sanctions -- 7.6 Diplomatic Sanctions -- References -- Chapter 8: Commodity Sanctions -- 8.1 The Dilemma with Extraneous Interests 8.2 Pericles' Hubris -- 8.3 Evolving Dilemmas in an Evolving Commodity Trading World -- 8.4 Congo: Illegal Gold Mining as a Form of Revolt -- 8.5 Angola: UN Sanctions Serving Marketing Purposes -- 8.6 Timber Sanctions in Cambodia and Liberia -- 8.7 Commodity Sanctions on Libya and North Korea -- 8.8 Historic Excesses of Commodity Sanctions: American Civil War -- 8.9 Medieval Sanctions -- 8.9.1 Embargoes Against Arab-Muslims and the Rise of Military Slaves -- 8.9.2 Church, Crusade, and Commodity Embargoes -- 8.10 Unintended Effects of Commodity Sanctions -- References -- Chapter 9: Emerging Threats and Sanctions: Abuses of Digital and Information Technologies -- 9.1 Cyberspace: An Opportunity for Sanctions Violators? -- 9.2 Sovereign Responsibilities for Countering Cyberthreats -- 9.3 Cyphers and Conflicts -- 9.4 Early Cyber Warriors of the Civil War in Angola -- 9.5 Al Shabaab in Somalia -- 9.6 From Al Qaida to ISIL -- 9.7 Virtual Jihad on the Social Networks -- 9.8 Digital Tutoring of Terrorists -- 9.9 Leveraging International Resources Against the Digital Jihad -- 9.10 Technologist and Internet Service Providers -- 9.11 Making the Internet Intrusion-Proof -- 9.11.1 Encryption -- 9.11.2 Distributed Ledger Technologies -- 9.12 Institutional Responses -- References -- Part II: Narratives of UN Sanctions Cases -- Chapter 10: Earliest Comprehensive Sanctions: Southern Rhodesia and Apartheid South Africa -- 10.1 Overview -- 10.2 Apartheid South Africa -- 10.2.1 Political Context of Sanctions on Apartheid South Africa -- 10.2.2 Sanctions Policies -- 10.2.3 Conclusions -- 10.3 Southern Rhodesia -- 10.3.1 Political Context of the Southern Rhodesia Conflict -- 10.3.2 Sanctions Policies -- 10.3.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Humanitarian Collateral Costs: From Iraq to Yugoslavia to Haiti -- 11.1 Overview -- 11.2 Iraq I 11.2.1 Political Context of Iraq 1 Sanctions -- 11.2.2 Sanctions Policies -- 11.3 Iraq II -- 11.3.1 Political Context of Iraq II Sanctions -- 11.3.2 Sanctions Policies -- 11.3.3 Collateral Humanitarian Costs and "Oil-for-Food" -- 11.3.4 The War on Iraq's WMD -- 11.4 Iraq III -- 11.4.1 Political Context of Iraq III Sanctions -- 11.4.2 Sanctions Policies -- 11.4.3 Conclusions -- 11.5 Yugoslavia -- 11.5.1 Political Context of Sanctions on the Former Yugoslavia -- 11.5.2 Sanctions Policies -- 11.5.3 Sanctions Policies for Bosnia-Herzegovina -- 11.5.4 Kosovo -- 11.5.5 Conclusions -- 11.6 Haiti -- 11.6.1 Political Context of Sanctions on Haiti -- 11.6.2 Sanctions Policies -- 11.6.3 Conclusions -- References -- Iraq -- Former Yugoslavia -- Haiti -- Chapter 12: The Spread of Terrorism: Libya I, Sudan I, Afghanistan/Taliban, Al Qaeda and ISIL, Lebanon -- 12.1 Introduction: The UN's Institutional Framework -- 12.1.1 UN Sanctions Enforcement Standards Not Universally Agreed -- 12.1.2 Might Makes Right -- 12.2 Libya I -- 12.2.1 Political Context of Libya I Sanctions -- 12.2.2 Sanctions Policies -- 12.2.3 Conclusion -- 12.3 Sudan I -- 12.3.1 Political Context of Sudan I Sanctions -- 12.3.2 Sanctions Policies -- 12.3.3 Conclusions -- 12.4 Taliban, Al Qaida, and ISIL -- 12.4.1 Political Context of Sanctions on the Taliban and Al Qaida (and the Addition of ISIL) -- 12.4.2 Sanctions Policies -- 12.4.3 The Attacks on 9/11, Resolution 1373, and UN Sanction's Integrity -- 12.4.4 US Leadership in the War on Terrorism -- 12.4.5 Fair and Clear Procedures -- 12.4.6 Al Qaida Post-bin Laden -- 12.4.7 The Taliban 1988 Sanctions Regime -- 12.4.8 The Al Qaida 1267/1989 Sanctions Regime -- 12.4.9 Al Qaida Affiliates and ISIL -- 12.4.10 Al Nusra Front, IS, and ISIL -- 12.4.11 Conclusions -- 12.5 Lebanon -- 12.5.1 Political Context of Sanctions on Lebanon 12.5.2 Sanctions Policies -- 12.5.3 Conclusion -- References -- Introduction -- Libya -- Sudan 1 -- Taliban, Al Qaida, ISIL -- Lebanon -- Chapter 13: Asymmetric Enemies in Somalia, Cambodia, Angola, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Eritrea-Ethiopia, Liberia I-III, Congo (Zaire), Ivory Coast, Sudan II, Libya, Guinea-Bissau, Central African Republic, Yemen, South Sudan -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Somalia and Eritrea -- 13.2.1 Political Context of Somalia and Eritrea Sanctions -- 13.2.2 Sanctions Policies -- 13.2.3 Targeted Sanctions -- 13.2.4 Secondary Sanctions on Eritrea -- 13.2.5 Conclusions -- 13.3 Cambodia -- 13.3.1 Political Context of Voluntary Cambodia Sanctions -- 13.3.2 Sanctions Policies -- 13.3.3 Conclusions -- 13.4 Angola/UNITA -- 13.4.1 Political Context of Angola/UNITA Sanctions -- 13.4.2 Sanctions Policies -- 13.4.3 Introduction of Smart Sanctions -- 13.4.4 Conclusions -- 13.5 Rwanda -- 13.5.1 Political Context of Rwanda Sanctions -- 13.5.2 Sanctions Policies -- 13.5.3 Conclusions -- 13.6 Liberia I -- 13.6.1 Political Context of Liberia I Sanctions -- 13.6.2 Sanctions Policies -- 13.6.3 Conclusions -- 13.7 Sierra Leone -- 13.7.1 Political Context of Sierra Leone Sanctions -- 13.7.2 Sanctions Policies -- 13.7.3 Conclusions -- 13.8 Eritrea-Ethiopia -- 13.8.1 Political Context of Eritrea-Ethiopia Sanctions -- 13.8.2 Sanctions Policies -- 13.8.3 Conclusions -- 13.9 Liberia II -- 13.9.1 Political Context of Liberia II Sanctions -- 13.9.2 Sanctions Policies -- 13.9.3 Conclusions -- 13.10 Liberia III -- 13.10.1 Political Context of Liberia III Sanctions -- 13.10.2 Sanctions Policies -- 13.10.3 Conclusions -- 13.11 Democratic Republic of Congo -- 13.11.1 Political Context of Sanctions on the Democratic Republic of Congo -- 13.11.2 Sanctions Policies -- 13.11.3 Securing and Securitizing Commodities -- 13.11.4 Sanctions for Peace -- 13.11.5 Conclusions 13.12 Ivory Coast |
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| Beschreibung: | Lizenzpflichtig |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource (xxx, 501 Seiten) |
| ISBN: | 9783319600055 3319600052 9783319600048 3319600044 |