Journal Article 2D materials CO2 capture Cu nanoparticles MgO carbonation MgO-based adsorbents energy barriers graphene-based nanomaterials hydrogen evolution reaction in situ spectroscopies lithium polysulfides lithium-sulfur batteries metal‐support interactions nanocarbon catalysis nitrogen doping nitrogen-doped molybdenum disulfide oxygen evolution oxygen reduction oxygen reduction and evolution reaction reverse electron transfer selective catalysis shuttle effect strong embedded interface surface defects topological defects van der Waals heterostructures