Journal Article 12038-63-0 2D van der Waals layered materials 2D vdW layered materials 7440-15-5 Review Rhenium Sulfides artificial optoelectronic synapses biophysical signals brain-inspired computing brain‐inspired computing brain‐inspired parallel computing capacitive sensor cardiac health convolutional neural networks cutaneous sensors flexible artificial synapses gels golden tortoise beetle hardware neural network, artificial synapse, artificial optoelectronic synapse, asymmetric metal contacts, van‐der‐Waals layered materials multi-valued logic multi-valued logic computing multimodal strategies multiple-valued logic multivalued logic computing negative differential resistance negative differential transconductance negative-differential-resistance negative‐differential‐resistance device