Journal Article 12038-63-0 2D van der Waals layered materials 2D vdW layered materials 7440-15-5 Review Rhenium Sulfides artificial optoelectronic synapses biophysical signals brain-inspired computing brain‐inspired parallel computing capacitive sensor cardiac health convolutional neural networks cutaneous sensors flexible artificial synapses gels golden tortoise beetle multi-valued logic multi-valued logic computing multimodal strategies multiple-valued logic multivalued logic computing negative differential resistance negative differential transconductance negative-differential-resistance negative‐differential‐resistance device neuromorphic device organic materials